Isaiah Berlin

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出版者:Owl Publishing Company
作者:Michael Ignatieff
出品人:
页数:356
译者:
出版时间:1999-10-1
价格:GBP 12.55
装帧:Paperback
isbn号码:9780805063004
丛书系列:
图书标签:
  • 哲学
  • Isaiah
  • Berlin
  • 政治哲学
  • 自由主义
  • 历史
  • 思想史
  • 传记
  • 20世纪思想
  • 柏林
  • 西方哲学
  • 政治思想
  • 文化批评
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具体描述

Amazon.com Review

Russian by birth, Jewish by descent, English by choice, Isaiah Berlin (1909-97) knit together three identities into a cosmopolitan sensibility that informed his contributions as one of the 20th century's most influential and important intellectuals. Based on his experiences as a child during the Russian Revolution and his friendships with such beleaguered writers as Boris Pasternak and Anna Akhmatova, Berlin affirmed the superiority of individual freedom and judgment to Marxist totalitarianism. But he made fellow liberals uncomfortable with his unwelcome reminders that their ideals--liberty, equality, social justice--inevitably conflicted and required painful tradeoffs. London-based journalist Michael Ignatieff, who spent 10 years interviewing Berlin before his death, adeptly captures an appealing man: lighthearted, spontaneous, a brilliant conversationalist and lecturer (one of Oxford University's most popular professors), able to savor private happiness despite an essentially tragic view of political life. Ignatieff admires Berlin's views without accepting them uncritically; similarly, he acknowledges personal failings while appreciating the serenity Berlin achieved against considerable odds. This lucidly written, thoughtfully argued work is a model of the well-balanced biography, carefully evaluating the complex interplay of character and conviction in one remarkable individual. --Wendy Smith --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

From Publishers Weekly

Over the last 10 years of Isaiah Berlin's life (1909-1997), Ignatieff tape-recorded conversations with the philosopher in what he describes as "a virtuoso display of a great intelligence doing battle with loss." Because this biography is based primarily on these talks?as well as on interviews with Berlin's widow, friends, students and colleagues?the tone is informally conversational rather than pedantically authoritative. After a prosperous childhood in Latvia, Berlin's family was forced to move to London, where young Isaiah absorbed the British values of decency, the toleration of dissent and the importance of liberty over efficiency. At Oxford, he developed intellectually under the likes of Stephen Spender, W.H. Auden, R.G. Collingwood, Elizabeth Bowen and Virginia Woolf. Berlin did well at Oxford?he was elected Tutor at New College, Fellow of All Souls?but with war coming, he welcomed a chance to work for the Ministry of Information, first in the U.S., where his brilliant wartime dispatches (avidly read by Churchill) established his reputation in both Britain and America, and later as part of a Foreign Office team in Moscow (where he met Boris Pasternak) and Leningrad (where he began his transformative friendship with Anna Akhmatova). Throughout the book, Ignatieff concentrates on his subject's conversation and flow of ideas. Berlin championed freedom but not dogmatically. In his view, to be true to human nature in its diversity, we have to embrace contradictory values; otherwise, we lose our humanity. Ignatieff's biography is worthy of its subject, lucidly explaining how this "Paganini of words" used philosophy to defend civilized society.

《思想的边界:从柏拉图到卡尔·波普尔的思想史漫游》 引言 在人类文明的长河中,思想始终是驱动进步与变革的强大引擎。从古老的哲学思辨到现代科学的严谨求证,从政治的宏大叙事到艺术的细腻描摹,无数杰出的思想家以前所未有的深度和广度探索着人类存在的意义、社会的组织形式以及宇宙的奥秘。本书《思想的边界》旨在带领读者踏上一场波澜壮阔的思想史之旅,穿越时空,与那些塑造了我们今日世界的伟大头脑对话。我们不会仅仅罗列他们的观点,而是深入挖掘他们思想的根源、演变及其对后世产生的深远影响,试图勾勒出人类思想发展脉络中那些关键的转折点和不朽的印记。 第一章:启蒙的曙光与理性之光 故事的开端,我们不得不回溯到古希腊,那里是西方哲学的摇篮。柏拉图以其“理型论”和对理想国的构想,为后世的思想家设置了永恒的议题。他对于知识、正义和灵魂的探索,奠定了理性主义的基石。亚里士多德则更侧重于对现实世界的观察和归纳,他的逻辑学、伦理学和政治学理论,至今仍对我们认识世界提供着重要的框架。 随着罗马帝国的兴衰,基督教的传播深刻地改变了欧洲的思想图景。奥古斯丁试图调和柏拉图主义与基督教教义,他的“上帝之城”构想,为中世纪的思想世界注入了神学的色彩。托马斯·阿奎那则以其宏伟的“神学大全”,试图整合亚里士多德的哲学与基督教信仰,构建了一个逻辑严谨、体系完整的思想大厦。 然而,真正的思想解放,或许要等到文艺复兴和宗教改革的到来。人文主义的兴起,重新肯定了人的价值和尊严,将目光从彼岸世界拉回到现世的生活。马基雅维利的《君主论》以其对政治现实的冷酷剖析,开启了政治学的新纪元。而宗教改革家如马丁·路德,以其对个人信仰的强调和对教会权威的挑战,为思想自由播下了火种。 启蒙运动是本书思想之旅中浓墨重彩的一笔。洛克对天赋人权和分权制衡的倡导,奠定了现代自由主义的根基。卢梭则以其“社会契约论”和对“公意”的追求,激发了革命的热情,影响了法国大革命的进程。康德集理性主义和经验主义之大成,他的“哥白尼式革命”彻底改变了我们对知识、道德和审美的理解,为后来的德国唯心主义铺平了道路。 第二章:现代性的碰撞与价值的重塑 19世纪是思想大碰撞的时代,也是现代性观念初步形成的时期。黑格尔以其精妙的辩证法,试图捕捉历史的宏大进程,他的“绝对精神”理论,为理解历史的演进提供了一种宏观的视角。马克思则在黑格尔的基础上,汲取了唯物主义和经济分析,对资本主义的内在矛盾进行了深刻的批判,并提出了共产主义的构想,这无疑是19世纪最具颠覆性的思想之一。 同时,自由主义的思想也在不断发展和深化。约翰·斯图尔特·密尔是19世纪自由主义的重要代表,他不仅继承了洛克和亚当·斯密的思想,更在《论自由》中深刻阐述了个人自由的边界和多样性对社会进步的重要性。他的功利主义思想,也为理解人类的道德动机提供了新的视角。 而在科学领域,达尔文的进化论无疑是19世纪最震撼人心的科学发现,它不仅改变了我们对生命起源的认知,更对人类的自我认知产生了深远的影响。尼采则以其对“上帝已死”的宣告,对西方传统道德和价值体系发出了最激烈的挑战,他的“超人”和“权力意志”理论,预示着20世纪思想的动荡与不安。 第三章:20世纪的多元与挑战 进入20世纪,人类社会经历了前所未有的动荡与变革,思想领域也呈现出更加多元和激烈的面貌。弗洛伊德的精神分析理论,将人类的潜意识和欲望推到了聚光灯下,深刻地改变了我们对人性和心理的理解。 在政治哲学领域,两次世界大战的残酷现实,促使思想家们重新审视民主、自由、权力和公正的含义。汉娜·阿伦特对极权主义的分析,深刻揭示了暴政的运作机制及其对人性的摧残。卡尔·波普尔的“开放社会”和“证伪主义”哲学,则为抵制思想的僵化和暴政提供了重要的思想武器。 语言哲学和逻辑实证主义的兴起,也为我们理解知识的边界和语言的局限性提供了新的工具。维特根斯坦早期的逻辑哲学探索,以及后来的日常语言哲学,都展现了对语言本质的深刻洞察。 存在主义思潮在20世纪的兴盛,则将焦点重新拉回到个体存在的困境和选择。萨特、加缪等人的作品,深刻探讨了自由、责任、荒谬以及面对死亡的勇气。他们的思想,在战后弥漫着迷茫和不安的社会氛围中, resonated with millions. 第四章:思想的边界与未来的回响 本书并非要为任何一种思想定下终结的论断,而是试图展现思想的流动性、交叉性和不断被挑战与超越的过程。每一个伟大的思想家,都站在前人的肩膀上,同时也为后来的思想家打开了新的视野。 从柏拉图对“善”的追寻,到亚里士多德对“幸福”的探究;从奥古斯丁对“神恩”的阐释,到马丁·路德对“因信称义”的呼唤;从洛克对“自然权利”的坚守,到卢梭对“普遍意志”的构建;从康德对“理性法则”的揭示,到黑格尔对“绝对精神”的辩证;从马克思对“阶级斗争”的诊断,到密尔对“个体自由”的捍卫;从达尔文对“自然选择”的洞察,到尼采对“权力意志”的呼唤;从弗洛伊德对“潜意识”的探索,到阿伦特对“极权主义”的剖析;从波普尔对“开放社会”的期盼,到萨特对“自由选择”的强调……这些思想家的探索,构成了人类思想史上一道道璀璨的光芒。 《思想的边界》就是要揭示,这些思想并非孤立存在,而是相互联系、相互激发。它们在不同的历史时期,以不同的方式回应着人类面临的共同挑战。我们所处的时代,依然面临着前所未有的复杂问题:全球化带来的文化冲击、科技进步引发的伦理困境、贫富差距加剧的社会矛盾、环境危机迫在眉睫的挑战……这些问题,都呼唤着我们重拾思想的力量,汲取过往的智慧。 本书的意义在于,它鼓励读者以一种开放的心态去阅读和理解不同的思想。理解它们的局限性,也看到它们的价值;认识它们的历史性,也体会它们的普遍性。思想的边界并非是静止的围墙,而是不断延展的地平线。每一次对思想边界的探索,都是对人类认知能力的一次拓展,也是对我们理解自身和世界的一次深化。 结语 让我们带着好奇心和批判性思维,一同走进《思想的边界》,与那些伟大的灵魂进行一场跨越时空的对话。在这场思想的漫游中,我们或许会发现,那些曾经看似遥不可及的哲学原理,其实就蕴藏在我们日常生活的选择和思考之中;那些在历史书中沉睡的名字,依然鲜活地影响着我们今日的观念。这场旅程,不仅是对思想史的梳理,更是对我们自身思想的一次唤醒和启迪。因为,思想的活力,恰恰在于它的不断探索,以及它所能激发的,无尽的可能。

作者简介

Michael Grant Ignatieff is a Canadian public intellectual, historian, politician, the interim leader of the Liberal Party of Canada and the Leader of Official Opposition in Canada. He has held academic positions at Cambridge, Oxford, Harvard and the University of Toronto. An award-winning author, he has also worked as a journalist and documentary film-maker.

Ignatieff lived in the United Kingdom from 1978 to 2000. During this time he was on the staff at both the University of Cambridge and the University of Oxford, and worked as a film-maker and political commentator for the BBC. He lived in the United States from 2000 to 2005; there, he was director of Harvard's Carr Center for Human Rights Policy. He returned to Canada in 2005 and took a position as a visiting professor and seInternational Studies at the Univnior fellow of the Munk Centre for ersity of Toronto. In November, 2005 he was mentioned as a possible Liberal candidate for the next federal election.

In 2006 he was elected as the Member of Parliament for Etobicoke—Lakeshore. Ignatieff was named associate critic for Human Resources and Skills Development in the Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet on February 22, 2006. He left this position on April 7, 2006 to become a candidate for the leadership of the Liberal Party. Front-runner for most of the campaign, he was defeated by Stéphane Dion on the leadership convention's fourth and final ballot. Ignatieff served as the party's deputy leader from December 18, 2006 to November 14, 2008. He was re-elected as Member of Parliament for Etobicoke-Lakeshore in the 2008 federal election.

Ignatieff has been described by the British Arts Council as "an extraordinarily versatile writer," in both the style and the subjects he writes about. His fictional works, Asya, Scar Tissue, and Charlie Johnson in the Flames cover, respectively, the life and travels of a Russian girl, the disintegration of one's mother due to neurological disease, and the haunting memories of a journalist in Kosovo. In all three works, however, one sees elements of the author's own life coming through. For instance, Ignatieff travelled to the Balkans and Kurdistan while working as a journalist, witnessing first hand the consequences of modern ethnic warfare. Similarly, his historical memoir, The Russian Album, traces his family's life in Russia and their troubles and subsequent emigration as a result of the Bolshevik Revolution.

A historian by training, he wrote A Just Measure of Pain, a history of prisons during the Industrial Revolution. His biography of Isaiah Berlin reveals the strong impression the celebrated philosopher made on Ignatieff. Philosophical writings by Ignatieff include The Needs of Strangers and The Rights Revolution. The latter work explores social welfare and community, and shows Berlin's influence on Ignatieff. These tie closely to Ignatieff's political writings on national self-determination and the imperatives of democratic self-government. Ignatieff has also written extensively on international affairs.

Blood and Belonging, a 1993 work, explores the duality of nationalism, from Yugoslavia to Northern Ireland. It is the first of a trilogy of books that explore modern conflicts. The Warrior's Honour, published in 1998, deals with ethnically motivated conflicts, including the conflicts in Afghanistan and Rwanda. The final book, Virtual War, describes the problems of modern peacekeeping, with special reference to the NATO presence in Kosovo.

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这本书给我的整体感受,是一种深沉的、知识分子式的忧郁,但这种忧郁并非悲观或虚无,而是一种对人类境况的深刻体察后产生的理性清醒。作者似乎总是在探问一个核心问题:在一个充满偶然性与不确定性的世界里,我们如何构建一个有意义、同时又保持开放性的生存模式?书中对历史必然性的批判,尤其犀利,它毫不留情地揭示了那些自诩为“唯一真理”的理论体系,其背后隐藏的傲慢与危险。我特别欣赏作者在描述“价值冲突”时所展现出的那种平衡感,他没有试图去寻找一个普适性的道德支点来调解一切争端,而是承认了某些核心价值之间存在的不可通约性,并以此为基础,探讨如何在承认这种张力的前提下,维系文明的最小契约。阅读过程中,我仿佛置身于一个巨大的思想迷宫中,作者既是领航员,也是地图的绘制者,他指引我看到迷宫的出口,却也让我流连于那些精巧的岔路口,因为正是那些岔路口,才构成了思想的真正深度与魅力。

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我必须承认,初读这本书时,我曾被其语言的密度所震慑。它不像那些面向大众的科普读物那样,将所有复杂的概念都“降维”处理,而是坦然地接受了思想本身的复杂性。每一个段落都像是经过了精密的雕琢,词汇的选择和句式的构建都服务于表达一种微妙的、难以言喻的哲学状态。然而,一旦跨过最初的适应期,你会发现这种“密度”实则是一种尊重——尊重读者的智识能力,也尊重所讨论主题的严肃性。特别是书中探讨意识形态与乌托邦愿景之间的微妙关系时,那种鞭辟入里的分析,让人不得不重新审视那些我们曾经深信不疑的宏大叙事。作者处理冲突和矛盾的方式,充满了克制与优雅,他从不急于站队或下判断,而是用一种近乎悲悯的视角,去理解不同信念体系之间的内在合理性,哪怕它们最终导向了悲剧性的冲突。这本书的价值,在于它提供了一种“悬置判断”的能力,这在信息爆炸、立场先行充斥的当下,显得尤为珍贵。它教会我们,在理解他人之前,先要准确地理解我们自己思想的局限性。

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这本书的行文结构,初看起来有些松散,仿佛是由一系列独立但又彼此呼应的随笔拼接而成,但这恰恰是其迷人之处。它避开了传统论著那种刻板的逻辑推演,选择了一种更接近于思想“自然生长”的方式进行组织。作者似乎并不急于给出结论,而是热衷于展示思想的“生成过程”——那些迂回曲折的论证路径,那些在不同文化和时代背景下的反复试验与修正。这种叙述风格,尤其适合那些对“思想史”本身比对“既定结论”更感兴趣的读者。书中对某些特定历史人物的侧写,笔触极其精准,寥寥数语便能勾勒出其精神世界的复杂性,那种洞察力,简直令人拍案叫绝。我发现自己常常会停下来,不是因为内容太难理解,而是因为某个句子蕴含的张力太大,需要我将目光从纸面上移开,望向窗外,让思绪在现实与文本之间进行某种微妙的震荡和平衡。它不是一本用来快速消化的读物,更像是一个智识上的“陪练”,不断地挑战你既有的认知框架,并鼓励你以更具韧性和开放性的姿态去迎接那些无法被简单归类的世界现象。

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这本书的叙事节奏犹如一场午后的漫步,带着一种不动声色的沉静,却在不经意间将你引向一片视野开阔的思想旷野。作者对复杂概念的拆解,不是那种咄咄逼人的学术灌输,而更像是一位技艺精湛的工匠,轻轻拂去覆盖在珍贵宝石上的尘土,让其内在的光泽自然流淌出来。我尤其欣赏其中对“自由”概念进行溯源和辨析的部分,它没有提供一个僵硬的、一劳永逸的定义,反而像是在描绘一幅动态的、不断变化的历史地貌图。每一次的转折、每一次的局部冲突,都被置于一个更宏大、更具纵深感的历史背景之下,使得原本抽象的哲学思辨获得了鲜活的血肉。读完之后,我感觉自己对许多习以为常的观念——比如边界、身份、以及集体与个体的张力——有了一种全新的、更加审慎的敬畏感。它不是那种读完后能立刻写出三点总结的“干货”书籍,而更像是一坛陈年的老酒,需要时间慢慢回味,其醇厚的余韵会潜移默化地改变你的思维底色。那些精妙的比喻和偶尔闪现的幽默感,更是为这场思想之旅增添了许多意想不到的乐趣,让人在深思之余,也能会心一笑。

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这本书的阅读体验,更像是一场与一位见多识广、历经沧桑的导师进行的深入对话,没有炫技,只有真诚的思辨。它巧妙地将宏大的政治哲学思考,与个体生命经验中的细微感受编织在一起,使得那些原本高高在上的理论,瞬间变得触手可及、与我相关。我特别喜欢书中对“想象力”在塑造现实中的作用的论述,它将抽象的认知过程具象化为一种可以被培养和训练的心理肌肉。这种对“可能性空间”的持续探索,让这本书充满了内在的活力,即便是探讨那些看似已经尘埃落定的历史事件和哲学论战,作者也能从中发掘出新的、尚未被充分利用的思考维度。全书的语言风格是内敛而精准的,几乎找不到一句多余的废话,所有的论证都像是经过了严苛的筛选,直指问题的核心。读完后,我感到自己的思维容器似乎被轻轻地拓宽了一些,学会了用更长远的眼光去看待眼前的纷争,不再轻易被表面的对立所迷惑。这是一部需要沉下心来细品的杰作,它给予读者的回报,远超付出的时间与精力。

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