Organic Chemistry College Outline

Organic Chemistry College Outline pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025

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CHAPTER I<br >INTRODUCTION<br >DeAnition,<br > Organic chemistry is the study of the compounds containing<br >carbon.<br >Composition,<br > Many different elements may occur in organic compounds but<br >the ones most commonly found, in the order of their relative<br >occurrence, are" carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus,<br >sulfur, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.<br >Original Concept of Organic Chemistryt<br > It was formerly believed that organic compounds were ex-<br >clusively of plant or animal origin and that vital processes were<br >necessary for their formation. In 1824, however, WShler reported<br >the preparation of the ammonium salt of oxalic acid by passing<br >cyanogen into ammonia water, and in 1828 he reported the prepara-<br >tion of the organic compound urea by heating the inorgamc com-<br >pound ammonium cyanate: NI-I4OCN + heat ---* H2N.CO.NHs.<br >This experimental work led to the development of the concept<br >that animate processes are not essential for the formation of<br >organic compounds.<br >Importance of Organic Chemistry,<br > Organic chemistry is involved in practically every activity of<br >modern life. Anesthetics, anti-freezes, clothing, disinfectants,<br >drugs, dyes, explosives, fertilizers, films, flavors, food, fuel, paints,<br >perfumes, p .astics, resins, rubber, and numerous other essential<br >commodities are studied, analyzed, and synthesized with the aid<br >of the basic principles of organic chemistry.<br >Number of Compounds:<br > More than a quarter of a million organic compounds are known.<br >They out-number all other chemical compounds in the ratio of<br >about ten to one.<br >Phenomenal Capacity of Carbon:<br > The existence of this large number of organic compounds is due<br >to the unique capacity of carbon atoms to unite to form chains or<br >rings of more or less complexity. A simple illustration is afforded<br >~y the following series of compounds which are known as the<br >saturated hydrocarbons:<br >

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