Freud

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页数:353
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出版时间:1995-12
价格:0
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isbn号码:9780471578550
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图书标签:
  • 心理学
  • 精神分析
  • 弗洛伊德
  • 潜意识
  • 人格
  • 性心理学
  • 文化批判
  • 现代思想
  • 心理治疗
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It would be impossible to tabulate fully the debt modern psychology owes to Sigmund Freud. Freud's theories of the unconscious, the role of parents in personality development, psychological defense mechanisms, psychosomatic symptoms, body image, and sexual behavior patterns, to name just a few, continue to exert a powerful influence on most contemporary schools of psychological thought. So, too, elements of the original psychoanalytic method have become a fixture in the modern psychotherapeutic armamentarium. But, as the authors of this book point out, Freud's approach was more intuitive than scientific, and his work less a rigorous system than a collection of "mini-theories," some of which have stood the test of time and scientific scrutiny, while others have not. For obvious reasons, then, it is important that Freud's theories and methods be periodically reappraised and revised in light of the latest empirical findings, and that they be closely evaluated for their relevance to the contemporary psychological scene. Freud Scientifically Reappraised represents Seymour Fisher and Roger Greenberg's on-going efforts to do precisely that. Like their landmark work of the 1970s, The Scientific Credibility of Freud's Theories and Therapy, it is based on the authors' critical review of all studies conducted over the past decade that either directly or indirectly tested the validity of Freud's theories of psychopathology, personality types, Oedipal dynamics, and the nature of the dream process, or the efficacy of psychoanalytic therapy. While their research focused mainly on sources in social, clinical, cognitive, developmental, physiological, and other psycho-logical schools of thought, it also extended to the recent literature in anthropology, sociology, psychiatry, psychosomatic medicine, and other outside disciplines. OF RELATED INTEREST... PSYCHIATRY AND CRIMINAL CULPABILITY—Ralph Slovenko In this book Ralph Slovenko, a professor of law and psychiatry, explores the cases, origins, links, and requirements of legal insanity tests. Dr. Slovenko addresses a wide range of important topical issues such as the distinction between the defenses of not guilty by reason of insanity, guilty but mentally ill, and diminished capacity. He identifies the types of mental illness that fall under criminal responsibility and explores the role of the mental health professional as an expert character witness. This thought-provoking book will help mental health and legal professionals deal with the controversial question of what makes a person criminally responsible or criminally insane. 1994 (0-471-05425-9) 448 pp. A PERILOUS CALLING: The Hazards of Psychotherapy Practice Edited by Michael B. Sussman Through a series of compelling first-person narratives, this fascinating book takes a revealing look into the private and professional lives of psychotherapists. This candid approach reveals not only the perils of the job, but the effects that dealing with the emotional and mental sufferings of others may have on the psychotherapist. This book will help professionals learn how to take better care of themselves in their professional and private lives and help their patients, friends, and loved ones gain some insight into the psychotherapists' own concerns and conflicts. 1995 PSEUDOSCIENCE IN BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: Blaming the Body—Colin A. Ross and Alvin Pam Pseudoscience in Biological Psychiatry is a groundbreaking book that explores cutting-edge issues like the historical origins of biological psychiatry, genetics and mental illness, the current state of psychiatric training, psychopharmacology and drug therapy, and more. Instead of limiting the origins of mental illnesses to chemical or physical influences, this book takes into account the possibility of illnesses stemming from outside influences as well. This book alerts the mental health community to the ideological blind spots and conceptual errors in the basic logic and methodology of biological psychiatry and suggests alternative approaches to understanding and treating mental illness. 1994 (0-471-00776-5) 304 pp. As will be apparent to all those versed in Freudian theory, throughout Freud Scientifically Reappraised, the authors scrupulously avoid the common tendency to oversimplify the theories in order to make them easier to test empirically, but instead present them in their full complexity as formulated by Freud. Readers from all backgrounds will appreciate the effort made to relate Freud's concepts and methods to personality and cognitive literature in order to provide a framework for integrating them into contemporary thought and practice. Freud Scientifically Reappraised is must reading for psychologists, psychoanalysts, psychiatrists, and all mental health workers who acknowledge the enduring influence of and debt owed to the "Father of Psychoanalysis." Upon its publication, The Scientific Credibility of Freud's Theories and Therapy was named one of the 10 best books in psychology by Library Journal and one of the "Best Behavioral Science Books" by Psychology Today.

沉思的迷宫:探寻意识与存在的边界 书名:沉思的迷宫 (The Labyrinth of Contemplation) 作者:亚历山大·科瓦奇 (Alexander Kovacs) 出版社:先驱之光 (Lumina Prima Press) --- 图书简介: 《沉思的迷宫》并非对既有理论的简单梳理,而是一次对人类心智运作模式的深层、无畏的探索。科瓦奇教授,一位在现象学和认知神经科学领域深耕数十载的学者,以其独特的跨学科视角,将读者引入一个关于“自我”与“世界”关系的复杂迷宫。本书旨在剥离那些被习以为常的认知滤镜,直面意识在信息洪流中如何建构意义,以及这种建构过程如何不可避免地导向存在的悖论。 全书共分为四个相互关联的部分,每部分都像迷宫中的一个关键转角,揭示了新的视野,同时也引入了更深层次的困惑。 第一部分:碎裂的感知与边界的消融 本部分聚焦于感觉经验的本质。科瓦奇质疑了我们对“外部世界”的直观把握。他从感官数据的整合过程入手,展示了大脑并非被动的接收器,而是一个积极的、充满偏见的诠释机器。通过对错觉、幻觉乃至集体性感知偏差的详尽分析,作者提出“感知的本体论地位”:我们所经验到的现实,本质上是神经结构与环境刺激之间持续、动态的妥协产物。 其中,尤为引人注目的是对“瞬间性”(Immediacy)的批判。科瓦奇认为,我们所认为的“此时此刻”其实是经过时间轴压缩和编辑后的片段集合。他引入了“延迟回声效应”(The Lagging Echo Effect)这一概念,描述了意识对事件的反应总是慢于事件本身发生的事实。这引发了一个核心问题:如果意识总是滞后的,那么自由意志的舞台究竟在哪里?我们所体验到的决策感,是否只是对一个早已完成的神经过程的事后合理化? 第二部分:记忆的叙事结构与身份的重塑 如果感知是建构现实的基石,那么记忆则是构建“我是谁”的建筑材料。《沉思的迷宫》的第二部分深入挖掘了记忆的不可靠性及其对个人身份的决定性影响。科瓦奇巧妙地将叙事理论融入神经科学,探讨了“自我传记”(Autobiographical Self)是如何被不断地重写和美化的。 作者详细剖析了“情感锚点”如何扭曲事件的重构过程,导致我们对过去的记忆远比实际发生的情况更具戏剧性或更符合当前的自我认知需求。他探讨了集体记忆与个人记忆之间的张力,尤其是在社会变迁剧烈的时期,个体如何努力调和外部赋予的“历史角色”与内心深处的经验差异。这里的关键在于,身份并非一个固定的实体,而是一个持续进行中的“叙事项目”——一个我们必须不断向自己讲述的故事。一旦这个故事的逻辑链条断裂,身份的危机便随之而来。科瓦奇对“健忘的必要性”进行了辩护,指出遗忘并非失败,而是心灵为了维持连贯性而采取的主动筛选机制。 第三部分:语言的囚笼与意义的漂移 在意识与记忆的探索之后,本书转向了人类理解世界的首要工具——语言。科瓦奇认为,语言既是通往复杂思维的阶梯,也是限制我们思考深度的牢笼。他挑战了符号的必然性,质疑词汇是否真的能完全捕捉体验的丰富性。 通过对不同语言结构中描述情感和时间方式的比较研究,作者指出,某些结构上的限制(例如,某些语言中缺乏对“未发生事件”的明确时态区分)直接影响了使用者对可能性和非现实的想象能力。更进一步,他讨论了“意义的漂移”——在社会互动中,词语的指向性如何随着上下文和权力关系而发生不可预测的变化。当一个概念被过度使用或被政治化时,它便失去了与原始体验的连接,成为一个空洞的标签。科瓦奇呼吁,真正的哲学和科学突破,往往发生在语言的边界,在那些尚未被有效命名的“灰色地带”。他展示了如何通过非线性表达,如诗歌和高度抽象的数学模型,暂时逃离日常语言的约束,触及更纯粹的认知状态。 第四部分:存在的焦虑与沉思的伦理学 最后一章是全书的哲学高潮,探讨了在认识到感知、记忆和语言的局限性之后,个体应如何安放自己的存在。科瓦奇拒绝了虚无主义的轻易结论,转而提出了一种“积极的有限性”伦理学。 既然我们永远无法获得“客观真理”,那么我们对“真实”的追求就必须转化为对“有效性”的构建。这里的有效性,并非指实用性,而是指一个人能够以多大的真诚和清晰度,去面对其自身的认知局限性。本书引入了“清醒的怀疑”(Sober Skepticism)的概念,这是一种不被麻痹、但也不致于陷入瘫痪的怀疑态度。它要求个体持续地监测自己心智的运作过程,将日常行为视为一种持续的自我实验。 在伦理层面,作者主张,真正的同理心不是“进入他人的鞋子”,而是认识到他人也同样被困于其自身的、独特的认知迷宫中。因此,尊重个体经验的不可复制性,成为最高伦理准则。 结论: 《沉思的迷宫》是一部思想密集的著作,它不提供简单的答案,而是提供一套精密的工具,用于解构我们赖以生存的现实表象。科瓦奇的文字深刻、结构严谨,挑战了从唯物主义到精神分析等诸多流派的根本假设。它适合所有对心智的运作、知识的局限性以及存在的本质抱有严肃好奇心的读者,是一次令人不安却又极其必要的智力旅程。阅读本书,如同在夜深人静时,独自面对一面能映照出自身思维运作机制的、冰冷而清晰的镜子。 --- 目标读者: 哲学爱好者、认知科学家、心理学专业人士、对存在主义和认识论感兴趣的严肃读者。

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