具体描述
The objective of this new edition is the same as that of previous editions: to help students to understand social policy from a Canadian perspective, and to stir them to discussion and debate. Part One provides a general overview of social policy and Part Two discusses the policy-making processes, from the international factors that influence them to the ways in which a social worker can become part of this process. Part Three focuses on current social policy issues, and Part Four offers a look to the future. Each chapter of this best-selling book has been thoroughly updated for this new edition with regard to current policy, debated issues, and resources cited. Three new chapters have been added, including an overview of adult mental health policy and a critical look at risk assessment in child welfare. There is also a discussion of current challenges to the Charter of Rights and Canadians increasing use of the justice system to shape social policy. As a result, the reader gains an informed perspective of policy development and evaluation. Although designed primarily for use by social workers, the book will benefit anyone who is involved in the policy-making process.
Canadian Social Policy: A Critical Examination This book offers a comprehensive and critical exploration of the evolution, complexities, and contemporary challenges facing Canadian social policy. It delves beyond a mere cataloging of programs and initiatives, instead seeking to understand the underlying philosophies, political forces, and societal shifts that have shaped Canada's approach to social welfare. Part I: Foundations and Frameworks The initial section lays the groundwork for understanding Canadian social policy by examining its historical roots and foundational principles. We begin by tracing the emergence of social welfare provisions from the colonial era through the development of the modern welfare state in the post-World War II period. This historical analysis highlights key turning points, including the impact of the Great Depression, the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Health Services, and the establishment of cornerstone programs like universal healthcare and Canada Pension Plan. Crucially, this part interrogates the ideological underpinnings of Canadian social policy. It explores the interplay between different models of social welfare, such as residualism and institutionalism, and analyzes how notions of citizenship, rights, and responsibilities have been contested and redefined over time. We examine the influence of liberalism, social democracy, and conservatism on policy development, and how these ideologies have shaped debates around the role of the state, the market, and civil society in addressing social needs. Furthermore, the book engages with theoretical perspectives from sociology, economics, and political science that inform our understanding of social policy, including analyses of social stratification, inequality, and the social determinants of health. Part II: Key Pillars of Canadian Social Policy This section provides an in-depth examination of the major sectors and programs that constitute the Canadian social policy landscape. Each chapter offers a critical analysis of specific policy areas, exploring their historical development, current structure, intended and unintended consequences, and ongoing challenges. Healthcare: This chapter scrutinizes the principles and implementation of Canada's universal, publicly funded healthcare system. It examines the ongoing debates surrounding access, wait times, the role of private providers, and the challenges of managing costs and improving health outcomes in an aging population. Discussions will include the impact of federal-provincial/territorial relationships and the ongoing reform efforts in various jurisdictions. Income Security and Social Assistance: This section explores the diverse approaches to income support in Canada, including social assistance programs, employment insurance, and public pensions. It analyzes the effectiveness of these programs in poverty reduction, their impact on labour market participation, and the ongoing debates about welfare reform, basic income, and the adequacy of current income support provisions. Child Welfare and Family Policy: This chapter focuses on policies designed to support families and protect children. It examines child care policies, parental leave provisions, and child benefit programs. A significant portion of this section is dedicated to critically analyzing the historical and ongoing issues within child welfare services, particularly concerning Indigenous children, and the systemic challenges that persist in ensuring child safety and well-being. Housing Policy: This part delves into the complex issue of housing affordability and accessibility across Canada. It examines the evolution of housing policies, from public housing initiatives to more recent market-based approaches. The chapter will explore the disparities in housing experiences across different regions and demographic groups, and the policy responses aimed at addressing homelessness and promoting adequate housing for all Canadians. Education Policy: This section provides an overview of the decentralized nature of education policy in Canada and its impact on equity and access. It examines funding models, curriculum development, and policies related to post-secondary education, including student financial assistance and access to skills training. The chapter will also address the persistent achievement gaps and the ongoing efforts to promote inclusive and equitable educational opportunities. Labour Market and Employment Policies: This part analyzes policies aimed at fostering employment, promoting worker rights, and ensuring fair labour practices. It covers areas such as minimum wage legislation, workplace safety regulations, and programs designed to support job training and re-employment. The chapter will also discuss the evolving nature of work, the impact of globalization and technological change on employment, and the challenges of precarious employment. Part III: Cross-Cutting Themes and Contemporary Challenges The final section of the book addresses overarching themes and critical contemporary challenges that shape the future of Canadian social policy. Inequality and Social Justice: This chapter provides a critical examination of social inequality in Canada, exploring its various dimensions, including income inequality, gender inequality, racial inequality, and the persistent disadvantages faced by Indigenous peoples. It analyzes how social policies have contributed to or exacerbated these inequalities and discusses contemporary policy initiatives aimed at promoting social justice and reducing disparities. Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations: This section delves into the intricate relationship between federal, provincial, and territorial governments in the design and delivery of social policy. It examines how constitutional division of powers, fiscal arrangements, and intergovernmental agreements influence policy coherence, equity, and effectiveness across the country. Demographic Change and Social Policy: This chapter explores the profound impact of demographic shifts on Canadian society and social policy. It analyzes the implications of an aging population, changing family structures, and increasing diversity through immigration for the sustainability and relevance of existing social programs. Globalization and Transnational Influences: This section considers the ways in which global economic trends, international agreements, and transnational social movements shape Canadian social policy. It examines the pressures of global competitiveness, the impact of international standards, and the role of supranational organizations in influencing domestic policy choices. Indigenous Social Policy: This chapter offers a dedicated and critical examination of the historical and ongoing impacts of colonial policies on Indigenous peoples in Canada. It analyzes the unique challenges faced by Indigenous communities in areas such as child welfare, healthcare, housing, and education, and critically assesses current policy initiatives and the ongoing struggle for self-determination and reconciliation. The Future of Canadian Social Policy: The concluding chapter synthesizes the key themes and debates presented throughout the book. It reflects on the resilience and adaptability of the Canadian social policy model, while also highlighting the significant challenges that lie ahead. The chapter will encourage critical thinking about potential policy pathways and the ongoing need for innovation, equity, and social justice in shaping Canada's social future. Throughout this book, a commitment to critical analysis, evidence-based discussion, and an awareness of diverse perspectives informs our exploration of Canadian social policy. It aims to equip readers with a nuanced understanding of the forces at play and to stimulate informed debate about the policies that shape the lives of Canadians.
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