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This unprecedented collection of articles is an introduction to the study of cultural variations in childhood across the world and to the theoretical frameworks for investigating and interpreting them. Presents a history of cross-cultural approaches to child-development Recent articles examine diverse contexts of childhood in ecological, semiotic, and sociolinguistic terms Includes ethnographic studies of childhood in the Pacific, Africa, Latin America, East Asia, Europe and North America Illuminates the process through which people become the bearers of culturally/historically specific identities Serves as an ideal text for anthropology courses focusing on childhood, as well as classes on development psychology

Contents
General Introduction
Part I. Discovering Diversity in Childhood: The First Half of the 20th Century.
Chapter 1. Plasticity in Child Development.
Franz Boas, Instability of Human Types (2052 words)
Citation: In Gustave Spiller, Ed. (1912). Papers on Interracial Problems Communicated to the First Universal Races Conference Held at the University of London, July 26-29, 1911. Boston, MA: Ginn & Co, pp. 99-103.
Chapter 2. Margaret Mead: The Ethnography of Childhood.
Mead, Samoan Children at Work and Play (1398)
Citation: Natural History, November/December 1928, pp. 103-104. (Leave out plate on 105).
Mead, Age Patterning in Personality Development
Citation: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1947, 17:232-236.

Chapter total: words .
Chapter 3. Childhood in the Trobriand Islands, Melanesia.
Selections from Malinowski, The Sexual Life of Savages (4016).
Citation: Bronislaw Malinowski (1929). The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia.
London: George Routledge & Sons, pp. 14-19, 44-51.
Chapter 4. Tallensi Childhood in Ghana.
Selections from Fortes on Taleland. (6321)
Citation: Meyer Fortes (1938). Social and Psychological Aspects of Education in Taleland. Supplement to Africa, Vol 11, No. 4. London: Oxford University Press, pp. 10-17 (as marked), 27-39 (as marked), 42-44 (as marked). (Leave out plates on two pages.)
Chapter 5. Continuities & Discontinuities in Cultural Conditioning.
(4351)
Citation: Ruth Benedict (1938). Continuities and Discontinuities in Cultural Conditioning, Psychiatry 1: 161-167.
Part I word count:
Part II. Infant Care: Cultural Variation in Parental Goals and Practices.
Chapter 6. The Comparative Study of Infant Care.
(6178).
Citation: Robert A. LeVine, Suzanne Dixon, Sarah E. LeVine, Amy Richman, Constance Keefer, P. Herbert Liederman and T. Berry Brazelton (1994). Child Care and Culture: Lessons from Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 7-21.
Chapter 7. Infant Care in the Kalahari Desert.
Citation: Melvin J. Konner (1977). Infancy among the Kalahari Desert San In P. Herbert Liederman, Steven Tulkin and Anne Rosenfeld, Eds. (1977). Culture and Infancy. New York: Academic Press, pp. 287-293 (as marked), 321-328. (2920)
Chapter 8. Multiple Caregiving in the Ituri Forest.
Citation: Edward Z. Tronick, Gilda A. Morelli and Steve Winn (1987). Multiple caretaking of Efe (Pygmy) Infants. American Anthropologist 89: 96-106. (5777)
Chapter 9. Fathers and Infants among Aka Pygmies.
Citation: Barry S. Hewlett (1992). Husband-Wife Reciprocity and Father-Infant Relationship among Aka Pygmies. In B. Hewlett, Ed. Father-Child Relations: Cultural and Biosocial Contexts. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. (5292).
Chapter 10. Swaddling, Cradleboards and the Development of Children. (8503)
Citation: James S. Chisholm (1978). Swaddling, cradleboards and the development of children. Early Human Development 2/3: 255-275.
Chapter 11. Talking and Playing with Babies:Ideologies of Child Rearing. (6660)
Citation: Catherine Snow, Akke de Blauw and Ghislaine Van Roosmalen (1979). Talking and playing with babies: the role of ideologies of child-rearing. In Margaret Bullowa, Ed. Before Speech: the Beginning of Interpersonal Communication. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 269-288.
Chapter 12. Attachment Re-Examined in Anthropological Perspective. (9791)
Citation: R. LeVine and Karin Norman, The infant?s acquisition of culture: early attachment reexamined in anthropological perspective. In Holly Mathews and Carmella Moore, Eds. (2001). The Psychology of Cultural Experience. New York: Cambridge University Press , pp. 83-104.
Chapter 13. An Experiment in Infant Care: Children of the Kibbutz. (about 14,000 words).
Citation: Melford E. Spiro and Audrey G. Spiro, (1975). Chapter 6, Infancy, Children of the Kibbutz, Revised Edition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press
Part II word count (minus chapter 11): 45,121
Part III. Early Childhood: Language Acquisition, Socialization and Enculturation.
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