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Why does ethnopolitical conflict sometimes lead to genocide and other times to peace? In this volume, political scientists, psychologists, sociologists, and historians examine over a dozen international cases to try to understand what causes a society's ethnic conflicts to escalate or deescalate. This unique book contains cogent critiques of the political and historical antecedents to conflict around the world, combining them with psychological analyses of group identity and intergroup conflict.

Daniel Chirot, PhD, is Professor of International Studies and Sociology at the University of Washington in Seattle, where he is the founder and codirector of the Center for the Study of Ethnic Conflict and Conflict Resolution. He is the author of books about global social change, political sociology, and Eastern Europe. His recent books are How Societies Change (1994), Modern Tyrants: The Power and Prevalence of Evil in Our Age (1994), and Essential Outsiders: Chinese and Jews In the Modern Transformation of Southeast Asia and Central Europe (edited with Anthony Reid, 1997).

Martin E. P. Seligman, PhD, works with positive psychology, learned helplessness, depression, ethnopolitical conflict, and optimism. He is Fox Leadership Professor of Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Among his books are Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life (1998), What You Can Change and What You Can't (1994), The Optimistic Child (with Karen Reivich, Lisa Jaycox, and Jane Gillham, 1995), and Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death (1992). He has received both the American Psychological Society's William James Award (for basic science) and the Cattell Award (for the application of science). Dr. Seligman's research has been supported by the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Science Foundation, the Guggenheim Foundation, and the MacArthur Foundation. In 1997 he was elected president of the APA.

Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
I. Theories of Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict
Introduction
—Daniel ChirotEthnicity: Nice, Nasty, and Nihilistic
—Ken JowittNationalism and Ethnicity: Research Agendas on Theories of Their Sources and Their Regulation
—Brendan O'Leary
II. Genocides
Theories of the Holocaust: Trying to Explain the Unimaginable
—Peter SuedfeldArmenian Deportations and Massacres in 1915
—Fikret AdanirThe Ethnic Element in the Cambodian Genocide
—Ben KiernanApproaches to Measuring Genocide: Excess Morality During the Khmer Rouge Period
—Patrick HeuvelineGenocide in Rwanda
—Gérard Prunier
III. Major Ethnopolitical Warfare That Stopped Short of Genocide
From Ethnic Cooperation to Violence and War in Yugoslavia
—Anthony OberschallThe Yugoslav Catastrophe
—Misha GlennyKurds in Turkey: A Nationalist Movement in the Making
—Resat KasabaExplaining the Long Peace: War in Latin America
—Miguel Angel Centeno
IV. Limited, Contained, and Partly Resolved Ethnopolitical Warfare
The Northern Ireland Conflict: Prospects and Possibilities
—Tony GallagherControl and the Stability of Jewish–Arab Relations in Israel
—Ian S. LustickWho Pays for Peace? Implications of the Negotiated Settlement for in a Post-Apartheid South Africa
—Brandon HamberThe Accommodation of Cultural Diversity in Tanzania
—Ailia Mari Tripp and Crawford YoungWhy Has There Been No Race War in the American South?
—John Shelton Reed
V. The Social Psychology of Ethnopolitical Warfare and Psychology's Contributions to the Solutions
Ethnopolitical and other Group Violence: Origins and Prevention
—Ervin StaubPsychosocial Assistance During Ethnopolitical Warfare in the Former Yugoslavia
—Inger AggerSocial Psychology and Intergroup Conflict
—Miles Hewstone and Ed CairnsThe Psychology of Group Identification and the Power of Ethnic Nationalism
—Clark McCauley
Author Index
Subject Index
About the Editors
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