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Landscape ecology focuses on spatial heterogeneity, or the idea that where things are and where they are in relation to other things can have important consequences for a wide range of phenomena. Landscape ecology integrates humans with natural ecosystems and brings a spatial perspective to such fields as natural resource management, conservation, and urban planning. The thirty-seven papers included in this volume present the origins and development of landscape ecology and encompass a variety of perspectives, approaches, and geographies. The editors begin with articles that illuminate the discipline's diverse scientific foundations, such as L. S. Berg's keystone paper outlining a geoecological analysis based on soil science, physical geography, and geology. Next they include selections exemplifying landscape ecologists' growing awareness of spatial pattern, the different ways they incorporated scale into their work, the progression of landscape ecology from a qualitative to a quantitative discipline, and how concepts from landscape ecology have come to permeate ecological research and influence land-use policy, conservation practices, landscape architecture, and geography. Together these articles provide a solid introduction to what is now widely recognized as an important area of research and application that encourages new ways of thinking about natural and human-dominated ecosystems

John A. Wiens is chief scientist at The Nature Conservancy and past president of the International Association for Landscape Ecology. Michael R. Moss is director of the Canadian Centre for Environmental Education at Royal Roads University in Victoria, British Columbia and past secretary general of the International Association for Landscape Ecology. Monica G. Turner is the Eugene P. Odum Professor of Ecology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and past president of the U.S. chapter of the International Association for Landscape Ecology. David J. Mladenoff is the Beers-Bascom Professor of Conservation and professor of forest ecology and management at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and former editor of Landscape Ecology.

(Vol. 15 2008)

John Wiens is lead scientist at The Nature Conservancy. He was previously affiliated with Colorado State University, where he was a professor of ecology and University Distinguished Professor. He is among the editors of Issues and Perspectives in Landscape Ecology (Cambridge, 2005) and has written some 200 scientific papers. David Mladenoff is a professor of forest ecology and management at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. His book Spatial Modeling of Forest Landscape Change: Approaches and Applications was published by Cambridge University Press (1999), and he has received awards for several of his landscape ecology papers. Michael Moss is associate dean of environmental sciences and professor of geography at the University of Guelph, Canada. He is currently secretary-general of the International Association for Landscape Ecology. He has coedited two volumes. Monica Turner is professor of zoology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. She is the editor of the journal Ecosystems and of a book, Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology (1994). She also coauthored a major text in landscape ecology, Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice (Springer-Verlag, 2001).

The Early Antecedents of Landscape Ecology
Berg, L.S., 1915, The subject and problems of geography. Proc. Russian Geog. Soc. 15(9)
Solnetsev, N.A., 1948, Natural geographical landscape and some of its general rules. Proc. Second All-Union Geographical Congress, 1, 258-269
Christian, C.S., 1958, The concept of land units and land systems. Proc. Ninth Pacific Science Congress, 20, 74-81.
Sauer, C.O., 1925, The Morphology of Landscape Univ. Calif. Pub’s. in Geography 2(2), 19-54.Troll, C., 1950, Die geographische Landschaft und ihre Erforschung. Studium Generale 3.
Watt, A.S., 1947, Pattern and process in the plant community. J. Ecology 35, 1-22.
The Causes and Consequences of Spatial Pattern
Curtis, J.T., 1956, The modification of mid-latitude grasslands and forests by Man. pp.721-736 in Thomas, W.L. (ed.) Man’s Role in Changing the Face of the Earth (U.Chicago Press).
Wright, H.E., 1974, Landscape development, forest fires, and wilderness management. Science 186 (4163) 487-495.
Levin, S.A. and Paine, R.T., 1974, Disturbance, patch formation and community structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Science, 71:2744-2747.
Levins, R., 1969, Some demographic and genetic consequences of environmental heterogeneity for biological control Bull. Entom. Soc. Amer,15:237-240.
Wiens, J., 1976, Population responses to patchy environments. Ann. Rev. Ecol. System 7:81-120
Pickett, S.T.A. and Thompson, J.N., 1978, Patch dynamics and the design of nature reserves. Biological Conservation, 13: 27-37.
Bormann, F.H., et al., 1968, Nutrient loss accelerated by clear-cutting of a forest ecosystem. Science, 159:882-884.
The Emergence of Multiple Concepts of What Landscape Ecology is About
Neef, E.,1967, Die theoretischen Grundlagen der Landschaftslehre, pp. 18-38. (Haack, Leipzig).
Forman, R.T.T. and Godron, M., 1981, Patches and structural components for a landscape ecology. Bioscience 31(10): 733-740
Risser, P.G., et al., 1983, Landscape Ecology: Directions and Approaches (Illinois Nat. Hist. Survey, Spec.Pub.2) 16 pp.
Urban, D.L.,et al., 1987, Landscape ecology: a hierarchical perspective can help scientists understand spatial patterns. Bioscience, 37, 119-127
Naveh, Z., 1988, Biocybernetic perspectives of landscape ecology and management. pp. 23-34 in Moss, M.R. (ed.) Landscape Ecology and Management (Polyscience, Montreal).
The Central Role of Scale
Wiens, J.A., 1989, Spatial scaling in ecology. Functional Ecology, 3: 385-397.
Addicott, J.F. et al. 1987, Ecological neighborhoods scaling environmental patterns. Oikos 49:340-346.
O’Neill, R.V., 1989, Transmutations across hierarchial levels. pp. 59-78 in Innis, G.S. and O’Niell, R.V. Systems Analysis of Ecosystems (International Cooperative Publishing House: Fairland M.D.)
Meentemeyer, V., 1989. Geographical perspectives of space, time, and scale. Landscape Ecology, 3: 163-173.
Romme, W.H. and Knight,D.H., 1982, Landscape diversity: the concept applied to Yellowstone National Park. Bioscience, 32: 664-670
Pedroli, G. and Borger, G.J. 1990, Historical land use and hydrology. A case from eastern Noord-Brabant. Landscape Ecology, 4(4): 237-248.
Delcourt, H.R. and Delcourt, P.A., 1988, Quaternary landscape ecology: relevant scales in space and time. Landscape Ecology, 2:23-44.
The Analysis of Landscape Patterns
Legendre, P. and Fortin, M.J., 1989, Spatial pattern and ecological analysis. Vegetatio, 80(2): 107-138.
Burrough, P.A., 1981, Fractal dimension of landscapes and other environmental data. Nature; 294:240-242.
Linking Models with Empiricism: Landscape Boundaries and Connectivity
Lefkovitch, L.P. and Fahrig, L., 1985, Spatial characteristics of habitat patches and population survival. Ecol. Model., 30: 297-308
Franklin, J.F. and Forman, R.T.T., 1987, Creating landscape patterns by forest cutting: Ecological consequences and principles. Landscape Ecology, 1(1):5-18.
Pulliam, H.R., 1988, Sources, sinks, and population regulation. The American Naturalist; 132:652-661.
Costanza, R., Sklar, F.H. and White, M.L., 1990. Modelling coastal landscape dynamics. BioScience, 40(2): 91-107.
Wegner, J.F. and Merriam, G. 1979, Movements by birds and small mammals between a wood and adjoining farmland habitats. J. Appl. Ecol. 16:349-357.
Hansson, L., 1983, Bird numbers across edges between mature conifer forest and clearcuts in central Sweden. Ornis Scandinavica, 14:97-103.
Opdam, P., et al., 1985, Bird communities in small woods in an agricultural landscape: effects of area and isolation. Biological Conservation, 34:333-352.
Peterjohn, W.T. and Correll, D.L., 1984, Nutrient dynamics in an agricultural watershed: observations on the role of a riparian forest. Ecology, 65(5):1466-1475
Naiman, R.J. et al., 1988, The potential importance of boundaries to fluvial systems. J. North American Benth Soc. 7: 289-306
Synthesis
Turner, M.G., 1989, Landscape ecology: the effect of pattern on process. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 20:171-197.
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