An Introduction to the Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2026
出版者:John Wiley & Sons Inc
作者:Ward, I. M./ Sweeney, John
出品人:
页数:394
译者:
出版时间:2004-5
价格:687.00元
装帧:Pap
isbn号码:9780471496267
丛书系列:
图书标签:
- Polymer Mechanics
- Solid State Physics
- Materials Science
- Polymer Science
- Mechanical Properties
- Engineering Materials
- Rheology
- Polymer Characterization
- Solid Mechanics
- Macromolecular Chemistry
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具体描述
Provides a comprehensive introduction to the mechanical behaviour of solid polymers. Extensively revised and updated throughout, the second edition now includes new material on mechanical relaxations and anisotropy, composites modelling, non-linear viscoelasticity, yield behaviour and fracture of tough polymers. The accessible approach of the book has been retained with each chapter designed to be self contained and the theory and applications of the subject carefully introduced where appropriate. The latest developments in the field are included alongside worked examples, mathematical appendices and an extensive reference.* Fully revised and updated throughout to include all the latest developments in the field* Worked examples at the end of the chapter* An invaluable resource for students of materials science, chemistry, physics or engineering studying polymer science
凝聚态材料的力学行为与结构解析：一本深入探索的指南 《凝聚态材料的力学行为与结构解析》 旨在为材料科学、机械工程以及高分子物理领域的学生和研究人员提供一个全面且深入的视角，用以理解和预测各类凝聚态材料，特别是晶体、非晶态和复合材料在不同应力状态下的宏观力学响应与其微观结构之间的复杂关联。本书摒弃了仅仅停留在基础本构方程的层面，而是着重于从原子尺度和微观结构特征出发，构建起连接微观机制与宏观性能的桥梁。 本书结构严谨，内容涵盖了凝聚态材料力学分析的四大核心支柱：弹性理论的深度拓展、粘弹性与粘塑性行为的精确描述、断裂与损伤演化的前沿模型，以及先进结构材料的特殊力学考量。 我们相信，对材料力学特性的完整理解，必须建立在对材料内部结构——无论是晶格缺陷、晶界、无序网络还是界面相互作用——的深刻洞察之上。 第一部分：弹性响应的精细化处理与结构耦合 本部分首先回顾了经典线性弹性理论，随后迅速将重点转向各向异性材料的本构关系。我们将详细剖析单晶体、多晶体、纤维增强复合材料以及自然层状材料（如石墨烯和黏土）的应力-应变张量表示法，特别是引入对称性群对刚度张量（或柔顺度张量）的约束。读者将学习如何利用晶体对称性（如点群和空间群）来简化本构方程，并掌握欧拉角转换在描述材料取向依赖性力学行为中的应用。 随后，我们深入探讨非线性弹性。书中专门辟出一章用于讨论超弹性材料（如橡胶和某些生物组织）的应变能密度函数理论。我们不仅会介绍经典的Mooney-Rivlin和Neo-Hookean模型，还会详细分析更适合描述高变形、大应变状态的Ogden模型和Yeoh模型，并探讨如何通过实验数据拟合这些模型参数，从而精确预测材料在高拉伸或压缩下的响应。对于包含微观空隙或裂纹的材料，我们还将引入损伤演化变量与弹性势的耦合框架，为后续的塑性与断裂分析奠定基础。 第二部分：时变行为的解析：粘弹性与粘塑性 粘弹性是理解材料随时间响应的关键。本部分将系统地梳理线性粘弹性理论，从松弛函数和蠕变柔量出发，构建起时间-温度等效原理（Time-Temperature Superposition Principle, TTSP） 的应用框架。我们将重点讨论费希尔变换（Prony级数） 在数值模拟中的实际应用，以及如何利用WLF方程预测材料在极端温度下的动态性能。 进阶内容聚焦于非线性粘弹性和粘塑性的复杂交织。对于金属、陶瓷在高温下的蠕变，以及聚合物在复杂应力下的松弛行为，本书提出了统一的本构框架。我们将深入探讨内部变量理论，特别是如何将微观结构变化（如位错运动、链段松弛）映射到宏观的应变率依赖性上。书中详述了Schapery模型和Knauss模型在描述屈服面演化和应变硬化中的优势与局限性，并提供了如何通过动态机械分析 (DMA) 数据反演出复杂的粘弹性模型参数的全流程指导。 第三部分：损伤、断裂力学与失效判据 失效分析是材料工程的核心议题。本部分完全侧重于材料的不可逆损伤演化和断裂行为。 首先，我们详述了连续介质损伤力学 (Continuum Damage Mechanics, CDM) 的基本原理，重点阐述了等效应力的概念以及各向异性损伤变量（如采用张量形式）对材料刚度退化的描述。我们将对比能量释放率判据和应力强度因子在裂纹扩展分析中的适用范围。 随后，本书将大量的篇幅用于探讨断裂韧性的量化。除了经典的KIC和J积分，我们还详细介绍了弹塑性断裂力学 (EPFM) 的核心——T参数和裂尖张量场的数值计算方法。对于包含大量孔隙和微裂纹的材料，我们引入了微观力学模型，如Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) 模型，用于模拟材料的孔隙膨胀和最终的韧性断裂过程。针对脆性材料和层状材料，我们将探讨Griffith能量平衡的现代应用，以及如何利用Weibull统计来描述材料的统计性失效寿命。 第四部分：先进结构材料的特殊力学考量 本部分将理论知识应用于前沿的工程材料。 复合材料力学： 我们将重点讨论纤维与基体之间的界面作用对整体力学性能的影响。书中包含详细的MICROMECANICS 模型，如自洽模型 (Self-Consistent Model) 和包络模型 (Envelop Model)，用于预测纤维体积分数、取向和界面性能对有效模量的影响。此外，我们还将分析层合板的经典层合板理论 (Classical Lamination Theory, CLT)，并探讨越层剪切失效的评估方法。 多孔与泡沫材料： 针对多孔介质，本书提供了基于孔隙率和孔隙结构拓扑的力学响应预测方法。我们将分析Gibson-Ashby 选型图背后的力学机理，并讨论各向同性泡沫和结构化多孔材料（如蜂窝结构）的力学性能差异。 热机械耦合效应： 最后，我们探讨了热应力和热松弛对材料性能的综合影响。书中详细介绍了如何将热膨胀系数与粘弹性本构方程耦合，建立一个能够描述材料在温度梯度下性能变化的热机械本构模型。 通过这种从结构到性能的系统性、多尺度的论述，《凝聚态材料的力学行为与结构解析》旨在培养读者超越现象描述，深入理解材料力学响应背后的物理机制和结构根源的能力。本书配备了大量的实例分析和数据验证，是所有致力于深入理解固体材料力学行为的专业人士不可或缺的参考书。
作者简介
目录信息
Preface xi
1 Structure of Polymers 1
1.1 Chemical compostion 1
1.2 Physical structure 9
2 The Deformation of an Elastic Solid 19
2.1 The state of stress 19
2.2 The state of strain 20
2.3 The generalized Hooke’s law 24
2.4 Finite strain elasticity: the behaviour of polymers in the rubber-like state 25
3 Rubber-Like Elasticity 31
3.1 General features of rubber-like behaviour 31
3.2 The thermodynamics of deformation 33
3.3 The statistical theory 35
3.4 Modifications of the simple molecular network 43
3.5 Recent developments in the molecular theory of rubber elasticity 46
4 Principles of Linear Viscoelasticity 53
4.1 Viscoelasticity as a phenomenon 53
4.2 Mathematical representation of linear viscoelasticity 59
4.3 Dynamic mechanical measurements: the complex modulus and complex compliance 70
5 The Measurement of Viscoelastic Behaviour 79
5.1 Creep and stress relaxation 80
5.2 Dynamic mechanical measurements 83
5.3 Wave-propagation methods 88
6 Experimental Studies of Linear Viscoelastic Behaviour as a Function of Frequency and Temperature: Time-Temperature Equivalence 95
6.1 General introduction 95
6.2 Time-temperature equivalence and superpostion 101
6.3 Molecular interpretations of time-temperature equivalence 104
6.4 Flexible molecular chain models 113
7 Anisotropic Mechanical Behaviour 121
7.1 Elastic constants and polymer symmetry 121
7.2 Measuring elastic constants 125
7.3 Experimental studies of mechanical anisotropy in oriented polymers 131
7.4 Interpretation of mechanical anisotropy: general considerations 139
7.5 Experimental studies of anisotropic mechanical behaviour and their interpretation 142
7.6 The aggregate model for chain-extended polyethylene and liquid crystalline polymers 152
7.7 Auxetic materials: negative Poisson’s ratio 157
8 Polymer Composites: Macroscale and Microscale 163
8.1 Composites: a general introduction 163
8.2 Mechanical anisotropy of polymer composites 164
8.3 Short fibre composites 170
8.4 Takayanagi models for semicrystalline polymers 174
8.5 Ultrahigh-modulus polyethylene 184
8.6 Conclusions 190
9 Relaxation Transitions: Experimental Behaviour and Molecular Interpretation 193
9.1 Amorphous polymers: an introduction 193
9.2 Factors affecting the glass transition in amorphous polymers 194
9.3 Relaxation transitions in crystalline polymers 202
9.4 Conclusions 216
10 Creep, Stress Relaxation and Non-linear Viscoelasticity 219
10.1 The engineering approach 220
10.2 The rheological approach 220
10.3 Creep and stress relaxations as thermally activated processes 231
11 Yielding and Instability in Polymers 241
11.1 Discussion of load–elongation curves in tensile testing 242
11.2 Ideal plastic behaviour 250
11.3 Historical development of understanding of the yield process 258
11.4 Experimental evidence for yield criteria in polymers 261
11.5 The molecular interpretations of yield and cold-drawing 266
11.6 Cold-drawing 268
12 Breaking Phenomena 273
12.1 Definition of tough and brittle behaviour in polymers 273
12.2 Principles of brittle fracture of polymers 274
12.3 Controlled fracture in brittle polymers 280
12.4 Crazing in glassy polymers 281
12.5 The structure and formation of crazes 286
12.6 Controlled fracture in tough polymers 296
12.7 The molecular approach 307
12.8 Factors influencing brittle–ductile behaviour: brittle–ductile transitions 310
12.9 The impact strength of polymers 315
12.10 The tensile strength and tearing of polymers in the rubbery state 325
12.11 Effect of strain rate and temperature 328
12.12 Fatigue in polymers 331
Appendix 1 341
A1.1 Scalars, vectors and tensors 341
A1.2 Tensor components of stress 341
A1.3 Tensor components of strain 342
A1.4 Generalized Hooke’s law 342
A1.5 Engineering strains and matrix notation 343
A1.6 The elastic moduli of isotropic materials 345
A1.7 Transformation of tensors from one set of coordinate axes to another 347
A1.8 The Mohr circle construction 350
References 351
Appendix 2 353
A2.1 Rivlin, Mooney, Ogden 353
References 356
Answers to Problems 357
Index 377
· · · · · · (收起)
1 Structure of Polymers 1
1.1 Chemical compostion 1
1.2 Physical structure 9
2 The Deformation of an Elastic Solid 19
2.1 The state of stress 19
2.2 The state of strain 20
2.3 The generalized Hooke’s law 24
2.4 Finite strain elasticity: the behaviour of polymers in the rubber-like state 25
3 Rubber-Like Elasticity 31
3.1 General features of rubber-like behaviour 31
3.2 The thermodynamics of deformation 33
3.3 The statistical theory 35
3.4 Modifications of the simple molecular network 43
3.5 Recent developments in the molecular theory of rubber elasticity 46
4 Principles of Linear Viscoelasticity 53
4.1 Viscoelasticity as a phenomenon 53
4.2 Mathematical representation of linear viscoelasticity 59
4.3 Dynamic mechanical measurements: the complex modulus and complex compliance 70
5 The Measurement of Viscoelastic Behaviour 79
5.1 Creep and stress relaxation 80
5.2 Dynamic mechanical measurements 83
5.3 Wave-propagation methods 88
6 Experimental Studies of Linear Viscoelastic Behaviour as a Function of Frequency and Temperature: Time-Temperature Equivalence 95
6.1 General introduction 95
6.2 Time-temperature equivalence and superpostion 101
6.3 Molecular interpretations of time-temperature equivalence 104
6.4 Flexible molecular chain models 113
7 Anisotropic Mechanical Behaviour 121
7.1 Elastic constants and polymer symmetry 121
7.2 Measuring elastic constants 125
7.3 Experimental studies of mechanical anisotropy in oriented polymers 131
7.4 Interpretation of mechanical anisotropy: general considerations 139
7.5 Experimental studies of anisotropic mechanical behaviour and their interpretation 142
7.6 The aggregate model for chain-extended polyethylene and liquid crystalline polymers 152
7.7 Auxetic materials: negative Poisson’s ratio 157
8 Polymer Composites: Macroscale and Microscale 163
8.1 Composites: a general introduction 163
8.2 Mechanical anisotropy of polymer composites 164
8.3 Short fibre composites 170
8.4 Takayanagi models for semicrystalline polymers 174
8.5 Ultrahigh-modulus polyethylene 184
8.6 Conclusions 190
9 Relaxation Transitions: Experimental Behaviour and Molecular Interpretation 193
9.1 Amorphous polymers: an introduction 193
9.2 Factors affecting the glass transition in amorphous polymers 194
9.3 Relaxation transitions in crystalline polymers 202
9.4 Conclusions 216
10 Creep, Stress Relaxation and Non-linear Viscoelasticity 219
10.1 The engineering approach 220
10.2 The rheological approach 220
10.3 Creep and stress relaxations as thermally activated processes 231
11 Yielding and Instability in Polymers 241
11.1 Discussion of load–elongation curves in tensile testing 242
11.2 Ideal plastic behaviour 250
11.3 Historical development of understanding of the yield process 258
11.4 Experimental evidence for yield criteria in polymers 261
11.5 The molecular interpretations of yield and cold-drawing 266
11.6 Cold-drawing 268
12 Breaking Phenomena 273
12.1 Definition of tough and brittle behaviour in polymers 273
12.2 Principles of brittle fracture of polymers 274
12.3 Controlled fracture in brittle polymers 280
12.4 Crazing in glassy polymers 281
12.5 The structure and formation of crazes 286
12.6 Controlled fracture in tough polymers 296
12.7 The molecular approach 307
12.8 Factors influencing brittle–ductile behaviour: brittle–ductile transitions 310
12.9 The impact strength of polymers 315
12.10 The tensile strength and tearing of polymers in the rubbery state 325
12.11 Effect of strain rate and temperature 328
12.12 Fatigue in polymers 331
Appendix 1 341
A1.1 Scalars, vectors and tensors 341
A1.2 Tensor components of stress 341
A1.3 Tensor components of strain 342
A1.4 Generalized Hooke’s law 342
A1.5 Engineering strains and matrix notation 343
A1.6 The elastic moduli of isotropic materials 345
A1.7 Transformation of tensors from one set of coordinate axes to another 347
A1.8 The Mohr circle construction 350
References 351
Appendix 2 353
A2.1 Rivlin, Mooney, Ogden 353
References 356
Answers to Problems 357
Index 377
· · · · · · (收起)
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