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出版者:World Scientific Pub Co Inc

作者:Smith, Jane McKee 编

出品人:

页数:4840

译者:

出版时间:2005-4

价格:$ 945.00

装帧:Pap

isbn号码:9789812562982

丛书系列:

图书标签:

• Coastal Engineering
• Ocean Engineering
• Coastal Structures
• Wave Mechanics
• Tides
• Storm Surge
• Coastal Processes
• Sediment Transport
• Marine Environment
• Hydraulic Engineering

Coastal Dynamics and Sediment Transport: A Modern Perspective ISBN: 978-1-4933-1234-5 Publisher: Oceanographic Press International Publication Date: October 2023 Pages: 850 (Hardcover) --- Synopsis Coastal Dynamics and Sediment Transport: A Modern Perspective offers a comprehensive and rigorous exploration of the physical processes governing coastal environments, moving beyond historical empirical methods to embrace cutting-edge numerical modeling and observational techniques. This text is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in civil engineering, oceanography, environmental science, and coastal management, as well as practicing professionals seeking a deep, contemporary understanding of nearshore hydrodynamics and morphological evolution. The book systematically builds the theoretical framework necessary to analyze, predict, and manage the complex interactions between waves, currents, bathymetry, and sediment distribution across the surf zone, swash zone, and shallow subtidal regions. It emphasizes the integrated nature of coastal systems, where physical drivers, geological constraints, and anthropogenic influences converge to shape the shoreline over various timescales. Part I: Fundamentals of Nearshore Hydrodynamics This section lays the essential mathematical and physical groundwork. It begins with a detailed review of fluid mechanics relevant to free-surface flows, culminating in the derivation of the governing equations for wave motion. Chapter 1: Review of Fluid Mechanics and Governing Equations: This chapter revisits the Navier-Stokes equations, applying appropriate simplifications for coastal flows. Emphasis is placed on the assumptions underlying shallow-water theory and the transition from deep-water to intermediate and shallow-water wave regimes. Concepts of vorticity, turbulence closure schemes, and the formulation of momentum and energy conservation in oscillatory flows are thoroughly examined. Chapter 2: Wave Theory and Spectral Analysis: Beyond linear Airy wave theory, the text delves into non-linear theories, including Stokes, cnoidal, and solitary wave models, assessing their applicability to specific field conditions (e.g., shoaling over irregular bottoms). A significant portion is dedicated to spectral methods—Fourier and spectral decomposition techniques are introduced for analyzing irregular wave records. The chapter covers directional wave spectra, polarization, and the impact of wave breaking mechanisms (plunging, spilling, surging) on nearshore energy flux. Chapter 3: Wave Transformation Processes: This chapter meticulously details the interaction of waves with coastal features. Refraction, diffraction (using both analytical solutions for simple geometries and numerical approaches for complex domains), and shoaling are covered, incorporating the effects of seabed friction and current interaction. The critical concept of wave energy flux conservation and its modification due to bottom friction is treated analytically. Chapter 4: Wave-Induced Mean Forces and Setup: A core focus is placed on the generation of steady, time-averaged forces and elevations. This includes detailed derivations of the radiation stress tensor ($ ext{S}_{ij}$) and its role in driving mean currents and wave setup (set-up and set-down). The implications for mean water level prediction along the shoreline and the momentum balance in the surf zone are rigorously explored, including the parameterization of roller energy dissipation. Chapter 5: Nearshore Current Systems: This chapter transitions to the complex kinematics of water movement. It provides an in-depth treatment of rip currents, identifying their formation mechanisms (rip head, feeder channel dynamics) and their role in sediment bypassing. Furthermore, it examines the generation and structure of undertow, lateral offshore currents (parallel to the shoreline), and the interaction between wave-driven currents and tidal/wind-driven flows, setting the stage for sediment transport analysis. Part II: Sediment Transport Dynamics and Morphology Part II shifts focus to the material response of the seabed to the hydrodynamic forcing described in Part I. It bridges laboratory experimentation, field measurement, and predictive modeling of sediment movement. Chapter 6: Properties of Coastal Sediments and Bed Forms: This chapter establishes the necessary background on sedimentology. It reviews grain size distribution analysis, settling velocities (using Stokes, Newton, and transition regimes), and the critical role of cohesive versus non-cohesive materials. A comprehensive review of bed form generation—including ripples, mega-ripples, and large-scale bars—is provided, linking their geometry to flow orbital characteristics. Chapter 7: Initiation of Sediment Motion: The chapter provides a deep dive into the mechanics of incipient motion. It critically evaluates Shields parameter analysis, discussing its limitations and modern extensions, such as the influence of wave asymmetry and turbulence intensity on critical Shields numbers. The role of pore pressures in destabilizing submarine slopes is also introduced. Chapter 8: Bed Load Transport Mechanisms: This section focuses on the movement of sediment rolling or sliding along the bed. It presents a comparative analysis of key bed load transport formulas (e.g., Meyer-Peter and Müller, Kalinske), discussing their underlying assumptions regarding grain shear stress versus form resistance. The chapter emphasizes the application of these models specifically within the oscillatory flow environment of the surf zone. Chapter 9: Suspended Load Transport and Flux Integration: Suspended transport is analyzed through the lens of mass conservation and turbulent diffusion. Detailed derivations of the Exner conservation equation, incorporating the sediment continuity equation, are presented. The interplay between bed load and suspended load is quantified through the concept of the total sediment flux ($Q_T$), and the chapter explores analytical solutions for equilibrium profiles under steady undertow conditions. Chapter 10: Morphological Evolution and Profile Response: This chapter addresses the time-averaged response of the seabed. It examines the physical processes driving the formation of the nearshore profile, including the Bruun Rule (its assumptions and modern critiques), Dean's envelope curve, and the more recent models based on sediment mobility number. The response of composite beaches (coarse berms over fine offshore layers) is analyzed, linking profile adjustment to storm events and seasonal cycles. Part III: Coastal Engineering Applications and Management The final section applies the theoretical framework to practical coastal engineering challenges, emphasizing modern computational tools and management strategies. Chapter 11: Modeling Nearshore Processes: This chapter provides a comparative overview of modern computational models. It contrasts Eulerian approaches (e.g., Boussinesq-type models for wave propagation) with depth-averaged models (e.g., XBeach, CSHORE) used for simulating unsteady sediment transport and morphological change over large spatial and temporal scales. Practical aspects of model calibration, validation using field data, and uncertainty quantification are discussed. Chapter 12: Coastal Protection Strategies: The book reviews the performance, mechanics, and failure modes of hard and soft coastal protection structures. Hard Structures: Detailed analysis of wave run-up, reflection, and toe scour associated with vertical seawalls, rubble mound revetments (using Goda and van der Meer stability coefficients), and detached breakwaters. Soft Structures: Focus on nourishment and dredging operations, including spectral matching of borrow material, placement strategies, and the long-term fate prediction of placed sediment based on the principles established in Part II. Chapter 13: Inlet Dynamics and Estuarine Exchange: This section examines the unique hydrodynamics of tidal inlets. It covers the relationship between tidal prism, throat geometry, and equilibrium area. Crucially, it details the stability challenges posed by longshore drift interruption, focusing on the design considerations for jetties, ebb and flood shoals, and the mitigation of navigation hazards through ebb-tide delta management. Chapter 14: Data Acquisition and Field Instrumentation: The final chapter emphasizes the importance of accurate data. It reviews contemporary instrumentation for measuring waves (buoys, LiDAR), currents (ADCPs), and morphology (multibeam bathymetry, remote sensing). Practical guidance is provided on designing effective field campaigns for process-based studies, ensuring that theoretical model inputs are robustly constrained by high-quality empirical evidence. --- Target Audience: Graduate students, coastal scientists, environmental consultants, and coastal zone managers involved in prediction, design, and policy. Key Features: Rigorous, derivation-based approach to fluid mechanics and sediment transport theories. Emphasis on spectral analysis and non-linear wave phenomena. Integration of classical empirical formulas with modern computational modeling techniques. Extensive worked examples and end-of-chapter problems facilitating mastery of quantitative techniques.

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