Preface
         Acknowledgments
         Prologue
         1 Signals and Systems
         1.1 Signals, Systems, Models, and Properties
         1.1.1 SystemProperties
         1.2 Linear,Time-InvariantSystems
         1.2.1 Impulse-Response Representation of LTI Systems
         1.2.2 Eigenfunction and Transform Representation of LTISystems
         1.2.3 FourierTransforms
         1.3 Deterministic Signals and Their Fourier Transforms
         1.3.1 Signal Classes and Their Fourier Transforms
         1.3.2 Parseval’s Identity, Energy Spectral Density, andDeterministicAutocorrelation
         1.4 Bilateral Laplace and Z-Transforms
         1.4.1 The Bilateral z-Transform
         1.4.2 The Bilateral Laplace Transform
         1.5 Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals
         1.5.1 Basic Structure for DT Processing of CT Signals
         1.5.2 DT Filtering and Overall CT Response
         1.5.3 NonidealD/CConverters
         1.6 FurtherReading
         2 Amplitude, Phase, and Group Delay
         2.1 Fourier Transform Magnitude and Phase
         2.2 Group Delay and the Effect of Nonlinear Phase
         2.2.1 Narrowband Input Signals
         2.2.2 Broadband Input Signals
         2.3 All-PassandMinimum-Phase Systems
         2.3.1 All-PassSystems
         2.3.2 Minimum-Phase Systems
         2.4 SpectralFactorization
         2.5 FurtherReading
         3 Pulse-Amplitude Modulation
         3.1 Baseband Pulse-Amplitude Modulation
         3.1.1 TheTransmittedSignal
         3.1.2 TheReceivedSignal
         3.1.3 Frequency-Domain Characterizations
         3.1.4 Intersymbol Interference at the Receiver
         3.2 NyquistPulses
         3.3 Passband Pulse-Amplitude Modulation
         3.3.1 Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK)
         3.3.2 Phase-ShiftKeying (PSK)
         3.3.3 Quadrature-Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
         3.4 FurtherReading
         4 State-Space Models
         4.1 SystemMemory
         4.2 IllustrativeExamples
         4.3 State-SpaceModels
         4.3.1 DTState-SpaceModels
         4.3.2 CTState-SpaceModels
         4.3.3 Defining Properties of State-Space Models
         4.4 State-Space Models from LTI Input-Output Models
         4.5 Equilibria and Linearization of Nonlinear State-Space Models
         4.5.1 Equilibrium
         4.5.2 Linearization
         4.6 FurtherReading
         5 LTI State-Space Models
         5.1 Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time LTI Models
         5.2 Zero-Input Response and Modal Representation
         5.2.1 UndrivenCTSystems
         5.2.2 UndrivenDTSystems
         5.2.3 Asymptotic Stability of LTI Systems
         5.3 General Response in Modal Coordinates
         5.3.1 DrivenCTSystems
         5.3.2 DrivenDTSystems
         5.3.3 Similarity Transformations and Diagonalization
         5.4 Transfer Functions, Hidden Modes, Reachability, and Observability
         5.4.1 Input-State-Output Structure of CT Systems
         5.4.2 Input-State-Output Structure of DT Systems
         5.5 FurtherReading
         6 State Observers and State Feedback
         6.1 Plant andModel
         6.2 StateEstimationandObservers
         6.2.1 Real-TimeSimulation
         6.2.2 TheStateObserver
         6.2.3 ObserverDesign
         6.3 StateFeedbackControl
         6.3.1 Open-LoopControl
         6.3.2 Closed-Loop Control via LTI State Feedback
         6.3.3 LTIStateFeedbackDesign
         6.4 Observer-Based Feedback Control
         6.5 FurtherReading
         7 Probabilistic Models
         7.1 The Basic Probability Model
         7.2 Conditional Probability, Bayes’ Rule, and Independence
         7.3 Random Variables
         7.4 Probability Distributions
         7.5 Jointly Distributed Random Variables
         7.6 Expectations,Moments, andVariance
         7.7 Correlation and Covariance for Bivariate Random Variables
         7.8 A Vector-Space Interpretation of Correlation Properties
         7.9 FurtherReading
         8 Estimation
         8.1 Estimation of a Continuous Random Variable
         8.2 FromEstimates totheEstimator
         8.2.1 Orthogonality
         8.3 Linear Minimum Mean Square Error Estimation
         8.3.1 Linear Estimation of One Random Variable from a Single Measurement of Another
         8.3.2 Multiple Measurements
         8.4 FurtherReading
         9 Hypothesis Testing
         9.1 Binary Pulse-Amplitude Modulation in Noise
         9.2 Hypothesis Testing with Minimum Error Probability
         9.2.1 Deciding with Minimum Conditional Probability of Error
         9.2.2 MAP Decision Rule for Minimum Overall Probability of Error
         9.2.3 Hypothesis Testing in Coded Digital Communication
         9.3 BinaryHypothesisTesting
         9.3.1 False Alarm, Miss, and Detection
         9.3.2 The Likelihood Ratio Test
         9.3.3 Neyman-Pearson Decision Rule and Receiver Operating Characteristic
         9.4 MinimumRiskDecisions
         9.5 FurtherReading
         10 Random Processes
         10.1 Definition and Examples of a Random Process
         10.2 First- and Second-Moment Characterization of Random Processes
         10.3 Stationarity
         10.3.1 Strict-SenseStationarity
         10.3.2 Wide-SenseStationarity
         10.3.3 Some Properties of WSS Correlation and Covariance Functions
         10.4 Ergodicity
         10.5 Linear Estimation of Random Processes
         10.5.1 LinearPrediction
         10.5.2 LinearFIRFiltering
         10.6 LTIFilteringofWSSProcesses
         10.7 FurtherReading
         11 Power Spectral Density
         11.1 Spectral Distribution of Expected Instantaneous Power
         11.1.1 PowerSpectralDensity
         11.1.2 FluctuationSpectralDensity
         11.1.3 Cross-SpectralDensity
         11.2 Expected Time-Averaged Power Spectrum and the Einstein-Wiener-KhinchinTheorem
         11.3 Applications
         11.3.1 Revealing Cyclic Components
         11.3.2 ModelingFilters
         11.3.3 WhiteningFilters
         11.3.4 Sampling Bandlimited Random Processes
         11.4 FurtherReading
         12 Signal Estimation
         12.1 LMMSE Estimation for Random Variables
         12.2 FIRWienerFilters
         12.3 TheUnconstrainedDTWienerFilter
         12.4 CausalDTWienerFiltering
         12.5 Optimal Observers and Kalman Filtering
         12.5.1 CausalWiener Filtering of a Signal Corrupted by Additive Noise
         12.5.2 Observer Implementation of theWiener Filter
         12.5.3 Optimal State Estimates and Kalman Filtering
         12.6 EstimationofCTSignals
         12.7 FurtherReading
         13 Signal Detection
         13.1 Hypothesis Testing with Multiple Measurements
         13.2 Detecting a Known Signal in I.I.D. Gaussian Noise
         13.2.1 TheOptimalSolution
         13.2.2 CharacterizingPerformance
         13.2.3 MatchedFiltering
         13.3 Extensions of Matched-Filter Detection
         13.3.1 Infinite-Duration, Finite-Energy Signals
         13.3.2 Maximizing SNR for Signal Detection in White Noise
         13.3.3 DetectioninColoredNoise
         13.3.4 Continuous-Time Matched Filters
         13.3.5 Matched Filtering and Nyquist Pulse Design
         13.3.6 Unknown Arrival Time and Pulse Compression
         13.4 Signal Discrimination in I.I.D. Gaussian Noise
         13.5 FurtherReading
         Bibliography
         Index
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