When Police Kill pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載2025
- nonfiction
- law
- criminology
- 警察暴力
- 警察問責
- 種族歧視
- 刑事司法
- 執法
- 社會正義
- 公共安全
- 法律與政治
- 美國曆史
- 犯罪學
具體描述
Deaths of civilians at the hands of on-duty police are in the national spotlight as never before. How many killings by police occur annually? What circumstances provoke police to shoot to kill? Who dies? The lack of answers to these basic questions points to a crisis in American government that urgently requires the attention of policy experts. When Police Kill is a groundbreaking analysis of the use of lethal force by police in the United States and how its death toll can be reduced.
Franklin Zimring compiles data from federal records, crowdsourced research, and investigative journalism to provide a comprehensive, fact-based picture of how, when, where, and why police resort to deadly force. Of the 1,100 killings by police in the United States in 2015, he shows, 85 percent were fatal shootings and 95 percent of victims were male. The death rates for African Americans and Native Americans are twice their share of the population.
Civilian deaths from shootings and other police actions are vastly higher in the United States than in other developed nations, but American police also confront an unusually high risk of fatal assault. Zimring offers policy prescriptions for how federal, state, and local governments can reduce killings by police without risking the lives of officers. Criminal prosecution of police officers involved in killings is rare and only necessary in extreme cases. But clear administrative rules could save hundreds of lives without endangering police officers.
著者簡介
Franklin E. Zimring is William G. Simon Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley.
圖書目錄
I. The Character and Causes of Police Killings
1. The Double Transformation of Police Killings in America
2. Killings by Police: The Numbers Game
3. Who Dies, Where, and Why?
4. Only in America? Police Killings in Other Modern Nations
5. The Problem of Police Safety
6. Trends over Time in Killings of and by Police in the United States
7. Public Costs and Consequences
II. Prevention and Control of Police Killings
8. The Missing Links: Reporting, Documentation, and Evaluation in a Federal System
9. Mission Impossible? The Limits and Potential of Criminal Law in Police Violence
10. Cops and Cameras
11. The Heart of the Matter: Governance and Training for Local Policing
12. American Possibilities, American Limits
Appendix 1: Elements of a National Reporting System with Required Information and Contacts for Police Shootings and Injury Reports from Departments of Police
Appendix 2: Notes on Killings of and by the Police in Canada
Appendix 3: The Guardian Six-Month Sample
Notes
References
Acknowledgments
Index
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