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发表于2024-11-10
Nature by Design pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024
Ecological restoration is the process of repairing human damage to ecosystems. It involves reintroducing missing plants and animals, rebuilding soils, eliminating hazardous substances, ripping up roads, and returning natural processes such as fire and flooding to places that thrive on their regular occurrence. Thousands of restoration projects take place in North America every year. In Nature by Design, Eric Higgs argues that profound philosophical and cultural shifts accompany these projects. He explores the ethical and philosophical bases of restoration and the question of what constitutes good ecological restoration.Higgs explains how and why the restoration movement came about, where it fits into the array of approaches to human relationships with the land, and how it might be used to secure a sustainable future. Some environmental philosophers and activists worry that restoration will dilute preservation and conservation efforts and lead to an even deeper technological attitude toward nature. They ask whether even well-conceived restoration projects are in fact just expressions of human will. Higgs prefaces his responses to such concerns by distinguishing among several types of ecological restoration. He also describes a growing gulf between professionals and amateurs. Higgs finds much merit in criticism about technological restoration projects, which can cause more damage than they undo. These projects often ignore the fact that changing one thing in a complex system can change the whole system. For restoration projects to be successful, Higgs argues, people at the community level must be engaged. These focal restorations bring communities together, helping volunteers develop a dedication to place and encouraging democracy.
前言/序言
在全球生态危机和资源枯竭的严峻形势下,世界上多数国家都意识到,面向未来人类必须理性地以人、自然、社会的和谐共生思路制定生产和消费行为准则。唯有这样,人类生存的条件才能可持续,人类社会才能有序地持久地和平地发展,这就是被世界各国所认可和推行的可持续发展。作为世界最大的新兴经济体和最大的能源消费国与碳排放国,中国能否有效推进可持续发展对全球经济与环境资源的影响举足轻重。设计是生产和建设的前端,污染排放的增加,源头往往就是设计产品的“生态缺陷”,设计的“好坏”直接决定产品在生产、营销、使用、回收、再利用等方面的品质。因此,设计是促进入、自然、社会和谐共生大有作为的阶段,也是促进可持续发展的重要行动措施。正是在这个意义上,将功能、环境、资源统筹考虑的绿色设计蓬勃兴起。四川美术学院从2003年开始建立绿色设计教学体系,探讨作为生产生活前端的设计专业应该如何紧跟可持续发展的历史潮流,在培养绿色设计人才和社会应用方面起到示范带动作用。随着我国生态文明建设的推进和可持续发展的迫切需要,2013年国家社会科学基金艺术学以重大招标项目的形式对“绿色设计与可持续发展研究”项目进行公开招标,以四川美术学院为责任单位的课题组获得了该项目立项。人类如何才能可持续发展,是一个全球性的课题。在中国,基于可持续发展的绿色设计需要以当代世界视野为参照,以解决中国现实问题为中心,将生态价值理念嵌入设计本体论,从生产与消费、生活与生态、环保与发展的角度,营建出适合中国国情、涵盖不同领域的绿色设计生态链条;进而建构起基于可持续发展的中国绿色设计体系,为世界贡献中国的智慧与经验。
目前世界上一些国家关于可持续发展的研究工作以及有关绿色设计学说的讨论与实践已经经历了较长的时间。尤其是近年来,海外绿色设计与可持续研究不断取得发展。为了更全面、立体地展现海外设计界和设计学术研究领域对绿色设计与可持续发展的最新研究成果,以便为中国的可持续设计实践提供有益的参考,有利于绿色设计与可持续发展研究起步相对较晚的我国在较短的时间内能迎头赶上并实现超越,在跟随先行者脚步的同时针对中国的传统文化背景与现实国情探寻我国的绿色设计发展之路,项目课题组经过反复甄选,组织翻译了近年国际设计界出版的绿色与可持续研究的数部重要著作,内容包括绿色设计价值与伦理、视野与思维、类型与方法等领域。这套译丛共有11本译著,在满足本项目课题组研究需要的同时,也具有为中国的可持续设计实践提供借鉴的意义,可供国内高校、研究机构和设计工作者参考。
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Nature by Design pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024