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For almost fifty years, Introduction to Literature has been stirring up classroom discussion and providing topics for stimulating dinnertime conversation.

Revised and refined over the course of fifteen editions, this ever-new bestselling anthology introduces you to classic and contemporary poems, stories, and plays. Prepare to meet unforgettable characters, and to explore one of the world’s greatest frontiers — literature. This book meets Franz Kafka’s standard: “A book must be the ax for the frozen sea within us.”

Throughout Introduction to Literature, you’ll find plenty of student papers to get you thinking about how you can make the most of your own assignments. You can easily find help in three sections called “Students Writing about Stories,” “Students Writing about Poems,” and “Students Writing about Plays.”

Preface
Letter to Students
I. READING, THINKING, AND WRITING CRITICALLY ABOUT LITERATURE
1. Reading and Responding to Literature
2. Writing About Literature: From Idea to Essay.
II. FICTION
3. Approaching Fiction: Responding in Writing.
4. Stories and Meanings: Plot, Character, Theme.
5. Narrative Point of View.
6. Allegory and Symbol.
7. In Brief: Writing Arguments About Fiction.
8. Three Fiction Writers in Depth: Flannery O'Connor, Raymond Carver, and Alice Munro
9. Law and Disorder. Narratives from Biblical Times to the Present
10. American Voices: Fiction for a Diverse Nation
11. A Collection of Short Fiction
12. The Novel.
III. POETRY.
13. Approaching Poetry: Responding in Writing
14. Narrative Poetry
15. Lyric Poetry
16. The Speaking Tone of Voice.
17. Figurative Language: Simile, Metaphor, Personification, and Apostrophe.
18. Imagery and Symbolism.
19. Irony
20. Rhythm and Versification.
21. In Brief: Writing Arguments About Poetry
22. Poets at Work.
23. The Span of Life: 34 Poems, from the Cradle to the Grave.
24. American Voices: Poems for a Diverse Nation
25. Variations on Themes: Poems and Paintings.
26. Three Poets in Depth: Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, and Langston Hughes.
27. Poetry and Translation
28. A Collection of Poems.
IV. DRAMA
29. Some Elements of Drama
30. Tragedy
31. Comedy
32. Two Plays about Marriage
33. In Brief: Writing Arguments About Drama.
34. American Visions: Plays for a Diverse Nation
V. CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES.
35. Critical Approaches: The Nature of Criticism.
Appendix A: Remarks About Manuscript Form
Appendix B: Writing a Research Paper.
Appendix C: New Approaches to the Research Paper: Literature, History, and the World Wide Web.
Appendix D: Literary Research: Print and Electronic Resources
Appendix E: Writing Essay Examinations
Appendix F: Glossary of Literary Terms.
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