The phenomenal success of Dan Brown's Da Vinci Code has given new life to the perennial debate about the nature and meaning of the mysterious Holy Grail. The story of the Grail, usually identified as some kind of mystical vessel, has gripped the imaginations of millions since it first appeared in several medieval romances. Of these, Wolfram von Eschenbach's Middle High German Parzival (c. 1200) is generally recognized as the most complex and beautiful. Strangely, in Parzival, the Grail is identified as a stone rather than a cup or dish. This oddity is usually seen as just another mystery, further evidence of the difficulty of discerning the true sources of the Grail legend. In this groundbreaking study, Ronald Murphy seeks to dispel this mystery and to enable a far better appreciation of Wolfram's purposes. Wolfram, Murphy argues, wanted to chastise his contemporaries who looked for the Grail in the possession of Muslims in the Holy Land. The Grail (salvation, blessedness, the presence of God), Wolfram was saying, was where God said He would be: on the altar at the consecration of the Mass. Wolfram's "sacred stone" was none other than a consecrated altar, precious by virtue of the sacrament but also, Murphy argues, by virtue of the material from which it was made: green serpentine, one of the precious stones associated with the rivers of Paradise. Wolfram's stone may also have been a symbolic reference to the stone the Crusaders fought to obtain - the Holy Sepulchre. The entire story of Parzival, Murphy believes, was intended as an argument against continued efforts by Latin Christians to regain the Holy Land by force. Remarkably, Murphy believes he has discovered the very altar stone that inspired Wolfram's work, preserved to the present day in the Paradise Altar in the diocesan museum of the German city of Bamberg. Offering an entirely original reading of Wolfram's famous text, this engrossing and readable book will appeal not only to scholars and students of medieval literature but to many of the readers who are drawn to the lasting mystery of the Holy Grail.