Unfinished Business pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2026

Michael J. Klarman, author of From Jim Crow to Civil Rights, which won the prestigious Bancroft Prize in American History, is one of the leading authorities on the history of civil rights law in the United States. In Unfinished Business, he illuminates the course of racial equality in America, revealing that we have made less progress than we like to think. Indeed, African Americans have had to fight for everything they have achieved. Klarman highlights a variety of social and political factors that have influenced the path of racial progress--wars, migrations, urbanization, shifting political coalitions--and he looks in particular at the contributions of law and of court decisions to American equality. The author argues that court decisions tend to reflect the racial mores of the times, which is why the Supreme Court has not been a heroic defender of the rights of racial minorities. And even when the Court has promoted progressive racial change, its decisions have often been unenforced, in part because severely oppressed groups rarely have the resources necessary to force the issue. Klarman also sheds light on the North/South dynamic and how it has influenced racial progress, arguing that as southerners have become more anxious about outside challenges to their system of white supremacy, they have acted in ways that eventually undermined that system. For example, as southern slave owners demanded greater guarantees for slavery from the federal government, they alienated northerners, who came to fear a slave power conspiracy that would interfere with their liberties. Unfinished Business offers an invaluable, succinct account of racial equality and civil rights throughout American history.

[美]迈克尔·J.克拉曼(Michael J. Klarman)，美国著名宪法史专家。他在巴尔的摩长大，于宾夕法尼亚大学获得学士和硕士学位，在牛津大学获得哲学博士学位，又在斯坦福大学法学院获得法学博士学位，曾任弗吉尼亚大学法学和历史学教授，现为哈佛大学法学院终身教授。

2005年，克拉曼以《从种族隔离到民权运动：最高法院与种族平等的抗争》(From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality)获得了班克罗夫奖。他还著有《从柜子到祭坛：法庭、抵制和同性婚姻的抗争》(From the Closet to the Altar: Courts, Backlash, and the Struggle for Same-Sex Marriage)、《立法者的政变：美国宪法的制定》(The Framers' Coup: The Making of the United States Constitution)等。