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This authoritative text captures the dynamism of Chinese politics and society.

Elizabeth Larus begins with a broad sweep of China's modern history—from the imperial era to the present—providing essential context for understanding the current political environment. She then makes sense of the dramatic political, social, and economic changes that have occurred across some six decades. The result is a rich and detailed analysis that is both thought-provoking and accessible, appropriate for students at all levels.

Elizabeth Freund Larus is professor of political science and international affairs at the University of Mary Washington. She is author of Economic Reform in China, 1979-2003: The Marketization of Labor and State Enterprises.

1 Studying Chinese Politics 1
2 The Historical Context 13
BasicGeography,13
TheOriginsofCivilizationandCulture,14
China’sImperialTradition, 16
TheEarlyImperialEra, 21
TheModernPeriod,24
TheRevolutionaryMovement,29
TheRepublicofChina, 30
TheRiseoftheChineseCommunistParty,37
TheYan’anEra, 41
TheCollapseoftheNationalistGovernmentandCivilWar, 43
MaoZedongThought,47
Conclusion, 54
3 The Mao Years 59
StabilizationandReform,59
TheTransitiontoSocialism,66
TheGreatLeapForward,71
OriginsoftheCulturalRevolution,84
TheGreatProletarianCulturalRevolution,87
Post–CulturalRevolutionReorganizationandRecovery, 100
Conclusion, 102
v
Contents
4 The Structures of Politics 107
TheChineseCommunistParty, 108
The2007SeventeenthPartyCongress, 114
ThePLA’sRelationswiththePartyandtheState, 118
TheOrganizationandRoleofStatePoliticalInstitutions, 120
Center-LocalRelations, 124
Representation,130
SubnationalPoliticalInstitutions, 133
Elections, 135
RuralPolitics, 136
DemocratizationandtheFutureoftheCCP, 139
Conclusion, 139
5 Political Reform 143
TheRiseandFallofHuaGuofengandtheWhateverists, 144
TheRiseofDengXiaopingandtheReformers, 145
TheSecondStageofReform, 154
The1989TiananmenSquareMassacre, 157
TheThirdGenerationofChineseLeadership,165
TheRiseoftheFourthGenerationofLeaders, 170
ContemporaryPolitical,Constitutional,andLegalReforms, 171
China’sJudicialSystem, 179
Conclusion, 184
6 Social Dynamics 189
HealthCare,189
PopulationControlandFamilyPlanning, 196
China’sOne-ChildPolicy, 198
Education,205
CivilSocietyandSocialChange,216
EthnicMinoritiesinChina, 228
HumanRightsIssues, 235
Conclusion, 243
7 Political Economy 249
AgriculturalReforms, 250
RuralIndustrialization,252
IndustrialReform, 256
EnergyNeeds, 266
TheEnvironment,268
ChinaintheWorldEconomy, 280
ScienceandTechnology, 287
TradeandInvestmentIssues, 294
Conclusion, 298
vi Contents
8 The Rural-Urban Divide 303
TheRural-UrbanDivideinChineseHistory, 304
TheUrbanBias, 305
PoorAgricultureStructureandInfrastructure,306
Rural-UrbanEconomicDisparity, 307
RuralTaxation,308
Rural-UrbanSocialDisparity, 310
TheEducationGap,311
HealthCare,314
LivingConditionsandSocialSecurity, 321
DiscontentandProtestinRuralChina,327
AddressingRuralPovertyandClosingDisparityGaps, 328
RuralDevelopmentandChina’sRecentFive-YearPlan,332
Conclusion, 333
9 The Military and Defense Policy 339
HistoryofthePLA, 340
PLAStructure, 347
Civil-MilitaryRelations, 354
TheMilitaryBudgetandExpenditures, 356
China’sNationalDefensePolicy,358
ForceProjection, 364
Conclusion, 370
10 Foreign Policy 373
ForeignPolicyDecisionmaking, 374
China’sForeignRelations,1949–1972, 376
ContemporaryForeignRelations,382
Conclusion, 417
11 China’s Future 423
Consumerism, 424
MajorOutstandingChallenges,427
ScenariosfortheFuture, 431
ChinainWorldAffairs,437
Summary,438
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