Courts and Conflict in Twelfth-Century Tuscany pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2026

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出版者:OUP Oxford

作者:Chris Wickham

出品人:

页数:376

译者:

出版时间:2003-11-20

价格:GBP 155.00

装帧:Hardcover

isbn号码:9780199265862

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图书标签:

法律史
意大利
历史
中世纪
Tuscany
Medieval history
Courts
Conflict
Law
Feudalism
Social history
Italy
12th century
Political history

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具体描述

The twelfth century in Italy is seen as a period of major institutional and political changes: the origin of the communes, and of the Norman state in the south. It is also the period of the 'rediscovery' of Roman law and the fast development of canon law, both of which were spearheaded in Italy. But the exact content of these major shifts is considerably less clear. Arguably, the twelfth century in the north and centre of Italy was the period of the weakest political structures in the whole period from 700 to the present; the early city states were uncertain entitiies for a long time, operating with very ad hoc procedures. But people had to live their lives in this framework nonetheless; one of the best sorts of evidence we have is records of court proceedings, which begin to survive above all in the second half of the century. This book looks at the world of the slowly crystallising city states through the experience of ordinary people disputing with each other: what remedies did they use? what strategies? I argue here that they used the developing patterns of the communes, and also those of law, entirely pragmatically, selecting the parts of them that fitted best with their own assumptions about how to act in public, which were not necessarily those of the theorists. The book focuses on three cities in Tuscany: Lucca, Pisa, and Florence, and shows how people in each of these cities reacted differently to the social changes of the period. Throughout Tuscany, people - including judges -paid much attention to how violent public acts could legitimate public claims to rights, and were experts in the etiquette and meaning of such acts. Seen through this legal-anthropological analysis, the social history of the period looks very different.

这本书并非聚焦于意大利中部十二世纪的塔斯卡尼地区，而是一次对印度次大陆历史与文化演进的深入探索。我们将跟随历史的脚步，穿越那些鲜为人知的王朝兴衰，揭示隐藏在古老寺庙石刻与宏伟宫殿废墟中的故事。我们的旅程始于一个充满活力却又动荡不安的时代，一个印度文明的熔炉，各个王国、部落和宗教信仰在此碰撞、融合。本书将重点关注那些在权力更迭中扮演关键角色的群体，他们的政治策略、军事行动以及对社会结构产生的深远影响。我们将仔细审视那些在历史舞台上留下浓墨重彩的统治者，分析他们的治国理念、外交手腕，以及他们如何通过战争、联盟与妥协来巩固和扩张自己的势力。与此同时，本书也会深入探讨宗教在这一历史时期扮演的多重角色。佛教、印度教以及伊斯兰教等信仰体系的传播与相互作用，不仅塑造了个人的精神世界，也深刻地影响了艺术、哲学、法律乃至日常生活的方方面面。我们将考察不同宗教群体之间的关系，以及它们如何相互影响、共存或冲突，为理解这一时期的社会动态提供一个更为全面的视角。此外，商业与贸易在连接印度次大陆与外部世界的过程中起到了至关重要的作用。本书将描绘那些繁荣的贸易路线，讲述商人的冒险经历，以及他们如何将东方的香料、丝绸和珍宝带向远方，同时也将西方的技术和思想带入印度。我们将分析贸易活动如何促进了城市的兴起与发展，改变了社会阶层，并为不同文化间的交流搭建了桥梁。本书还将对该时期不同区域的社会生活进行细致的描绘。从乡村的农耕生活到城市的繁华市井，从贵族的奢华宴饮到普通民众的辛勤劳作，都将一一呈现。我们将关注家庭结构、婚姻习俗、教育方式、节日庆典以及社会伦理等议题，力图勾勒出一幅栩栩如生的历史画卷。在艺术与建筑方面，这一时期也留下了辉煌的遗产。本书将引导读者欣赏那些精美的雕塑、绘画和建筑杰作，解析它们所蕴含的宗教意义、政治象征以及审美追求。我们将探究这些艺术作品如何反映当时的社会价值观和文化风貌，以及它们如何作为历史的见证者流传至今。本书避免采用宏大叙事的模式，而是通过对具体人物、事件以及文化现象的微观分析，来展现印度次大陆在这一历史时期所经历的复杂而多元的变迁。我们相信，通过对这些细节的深入挖掘，能够帮助读者更深刻地理解那个遥远而又充满魅力的时代，以及它对塑造现代印度所产生的不可磨灭的影响。无论您是对历史、文化、宗教还是社会学感兴趣，都能在这本书中找到引人入胜的阅读体验。