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Bulgaria is slated to become a member of the European Union in 2007, yet its history is amongst the least well-known in the rest of the continent. R. J. Campton provides here a general introduction to this country at the crossroads of Christendom and Islam. The text and illustrations trace the rich and dramatic story from prehistory, through the days when Bulgaria was the centre of a powerful mediaeval empire and the five centuries of Ottoman rule, to the cultural renaissance of the nineteenth century and the political upheavals of the twentieth, upheavals which led Bulgaria into three wars. The new and updated edition covers the years from 1995 to 2004, a vital period in which Bulgaria endured financial meltdown, set itself seriously on the road to reform, elected its former king as prime minister, and finally secured membership of NATO and admission to the European Union.

R. J. CRAMPTON is Professor of East European History at the University of Oxford. He has written a number of books on modern East European history, including Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century – and After (1996) and The Balkans since the Second World War (2002).

List of illustrations
Preface
Preface to the second edition
Note on transliteration
1 THE BULGARIAN LANDS FROM PREHISTORY TO THE ARRIVAL OF THE BULGARIANS
2 MEDIAEVAL BULGARIA, 681–1393
Bulgaria under the Khans, 681–852
The reign of Boris I (852–888) and the conversion to Christianity
The reign of Simeon the great (893–927)
The end of the first empire, 896–1018
Bulgaria under Byzantine rule, 1018–1185
The second Bulgarian empire, 1185–1393
3 OTTOMAN RULE IN THE BULGARIAN LANDS
Ottoman society and administration
The Bulgarian population under Ottoman rule
The Bulgarian church under Ottoman rule
Protest against Ottoman power
The decline of the Ottoman empire
4 THE NATIONAL REVIVAL AND THE LIBERATION
The Awakeners
Economic, social and political change in the Ottoman empire
The background to the Bulgarian cultural revival
The cultural revival: education, literacy and literature
The struggle for a separate Bulgarian church
The struggle for political independence and the liberation of 1878
5 THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE BULGARIAN STATE, 1878–1896
The Constituent Assembly and the Tûrnovo constitution
Constitution conflicts, 1879–1883
The national question and union with Rumelia, 1884–1885
The war with Serbia and the deposition of Alexander Battenberg, 1885–1886
The regency and the election of Prince Ferdinand, 1886–1887
The Stambolovshtina, 1887–1894
The recognition of Prince Ferdinand
Ethnic and social change after the liberation
6 FERDINAND’S PERSONAL RULE, 1896–1918
Stoilov’s programme for modernisation
The establishment of Ferdinand’s personal rule
Social crisis and the emergence of the agrarian movement, 1895–1908
The Macedonian crisis and the declaration of independence, 1900–1908
Balkan diplomacy and the Balkan wars, 1908–1913
Bulgaria and the first world war
7 BULGARIS, 1918–1944
The peace settlement of 1919
Agrarian rule, 1919–1923
The Rule of the Democratic Alliance, 1923–1931
The rule of the devetnaiseti, May 1934–January 1935
The personal rule of King Boris, 1934–1941
Bulgaria and the second world war, 1941–1944
8 BULGARIA UNDER COMMUNIST RULE, 1944–1989
The communist takeover, 1944–1947
Destalinisation and the rise of Todor Zhivkov, 1953–1965
The zhivkovshtina, 1965–1981
The decline and fall of Todor Zhivkov, 1981–1989
9 POST–COMMUNIST BULGARIA
Part I Incomplete transition, 1989–1997
Dismantling the apparatus of totalitarianism, November 1989–December 1990
Constructing the apparatus of democracy, December 1990–October 1991
The UDF government, October 1991–October 1992
The Berov government, December 1992–September 1994
The failure of economic reform, 1989–1994
The Videnov government and the catastrophe of 1996
Part II Real transition, 1997–2004
The Kostov government and the attainment of stability, April 1997–June 2001
The government of ‘the king’; the road to the EU and NATO
CONCLUSION
Appendix 1 Bulgarian monarchs
Appendix 2 Prime ministers of Bulgaria, 1879–2004
Suggestions for further reading
Index
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