What If They Gave a Crisis and Nobody Came?

What If They Gave a Crisis and Nobody Came? pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2026

出版者:Greenwood Pub Group
作者:Hirschbein, Ron
出品人:
页数:256
译者:
出版时间:1997-12
价格:$ 135.54
装帧:HRD
isbn号码:9780275960438
丛书系列:
图书标签:
  • 政治
  • 经济
  • 危机
  • 社会
  • 历史
  • 美国
  • 政策
  • 全球化
  • 国际关系
  • 冷战
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具体描述

If wars are too important to be left to the generals, crises are too dangerous to be left exclusively to the social scientists. Humanistic inquiry has not realized its potential for illuminating these wars of words. Crises occur in a realm foreign to prevailing approaches, but familiar to interpretive approaches to politics. Decision-makers are no longer observers of unmistakable threats: they are interpreters of cryptic texts and symbolic performances. Accordingly, analysts (quite unwittingly) have become interpreters of interpretations--crises inquiry occurs in the archives, not the laboratory. Relying upon a hermeneutic approach used to illuminate crises at other times and places, Hirschbein explores the puzzling aspects of defining Kennedy, Nixon, and Kissinger episodes: Why is Kennedy's joust on the brink enshrined as the unforgettable Cuban missile crises, while Nixon and Kissingers' prudent resolution of a comparable threat is all but forgotten? This novel account of crises construction, management, and remembrance explores how and why these events were handled so differently, and concludes that it is not world that is the source of our crises, but our interpretation of the world. Questions of crisis construction, management, and remembrance are at the heart of this study. Professor Hirschbein examines why American political figures define an event as a crisis--or not. He then analyzes why some crises are managed prudently, while others are not, despite access to comparable information and resources. Lastly, he tries to determine why some crises are enshrined as templates for future confrontation while others quickly fade into oblivion. Hirschbein argues that it is not the world that is the source of our crises, but our DEGREESIinterpretation DEGREESR of the world. Accordingly, he explicates those official interpretations of the world known as international crises. This fascinating comparative study will be of great interest to students, scholars, and other researchers of American diplomacy and Peace Studies.

《当危机来临,无人响应?》 在这本深刻探讨人类社会应对机制的著作中,我们将一同审视一个看似矛盾却无比真实的现象:当一场预想中的危机如约而至,却发现应者寥寥,无人真正为之准备,更无人愿意挺身而出。这并非对灾难本身的描绘,也非详述某一场具体的历史事件,而是聚焦于一种普遍存在的、令人不安的社会心理和组织惰性。 本书将从多个维度深入剖析“危机来临,无人响应”这一现象背后的深层原因。我们将追溯人类在面对外部威胁时的认知偏差,例如“正常化偏见”(Normalization Bias),即个体和群体倾向于低估或忽视潜在的风险,将其视为“不可能发生”的异常情况,并希望事情能自行恢复正常。这种心理机制在潜移默化中剥夺了人们采取预防措施的紧迫感,将潜在的危机隐藏在日常生活的表象之下。 同时,我们也会探讨“群体思维”(Groupthink)对危机应对的消极影响。在封闭的群体环境中,成员们为了维持一致性而压抑不同意见,导致对潜在风险的评估出现偏差,甚至对明显的问题视而不见。当社会主流倾向于忽视某些预警信号时,即使有少数持不同意见者,也可能因为担心被孤立或被视为“异类”而选择沉默,最终使得集体决策走向危险的误区。 本书还将审视社会结构和组织效能的局限性。在高度分工和专业化的现代社会,责任的界定模糊可能导致“责任分散”(Diffusion of Responsibility),即当存在多个潜在的责任承担者时,每个个体都觉得自己不必承担全部责任,从而削弱了主动性。此外,官僚主义的僵化流程、信息传递的层层衰减,以及缺乏有效的激励机制,都可能让本应积极应对危机的组织变得迟缓和低效,最终错失最佳的干预时机。 更进一步,我们将考察文化和社会规范在塑造个体行为中的作用。某些文化价值观可能更倾向于“顺其自然”或“好死不如赖活”,而非主动规划和应对不确定性。社会对于“英雄主义”或“牺牲精神”的定义,以及对失败的容忍度,也会直接影响到个体在危机面前是否愿意承担风险和责任。 本书并非提供一套放之四海而皆准的危机应对“秘籍”,也不是罗列一堆触目惊心的灾难案例。相反,它旨在引发读者更深层次的思考:是什么让我们在看到预警信号时选择熟视无睹?是什么让本应是坚固的社会“防火墙”出现一道道裂痕?当我们有机会改变命运,却因为种种原因而错失良机时,我们应该如何反思? 通过对这些问题的深入探讨,本书期望能够唤醒个体对潜在风险的警惕性,鼓励建立更具弹性和响应能力的社会组织,并推动更有效的沟通和协作机制。它是一次对集体行为模式的解剖,一次对人类理性与非理性的辩证审视,一次对我们社会应对未来挑战能力的深刻追问。它引导我们去理解,为何即使在危机已经悄然来临的时刻,我们可能仍然身处一个“无人响应”的孤寂之中。这本书,是为那些渴望理解复杂人性,探寻社会深层运作规律,并思考如何构建一个更能抵御未知风暴的未来的读者而写。

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