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In different stages in the history of South Asian religions, the term yogini has been used in various contexts to designate various things: a female adept of yoga, a female tantric practitioner, a sorceress, a woman dedicated to a deity, or a certain category of female deities. This book brings together recent interdisciplinary perspectives on the medieval South Asian cults of the Yoginis, such as textual-philological, historical, art historical, indological, anthropological, ritual and terminological.

The book discusses the medieval yogini cult, as illustrated in early Saiva tantric texts, and their representations in South Asian temple iconography. It looks at the roles and hypostases of yoginis in contemporary religious traditions, as well as the transformations of yogini-related ritual practices. In addition, this book systematizes the multiple meanings, and proposes definitions of the concept and models for integrating the semantic fields of ‘yogini.’

Highlighting the importance of research from complementary disciplines for the exploration of complex themes in South Asian studies, this book is of interest to scholars of South Asian Studies and Religious Studies.

ISTVÁN KEUL was Professor in the Study of Religions at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway. His main field of interest is South Asian religion, and he has previously published on the Hindu deity Hanuman.

List of figures. ix
Notes on contributors. xi
Acknowledgements. xv
1. István Keul:
Introduction: Tracing Yoginīs: Religious Polysemy in Cultural Contexts. 1
PART 1: ‘YOGINĪ’: DEFINITIONS AND CATEGORIES. 19
2. Shaman Hatley:
What is a Yoginī? Towards a Polythetic Definition. 21
3. Sondra L. Hausner:
The Category of the Yoginī as a Gendered Practitioner. 32
PART 2: HISTORY, COSMOGRAPHY, HAGIOGRAPHY. 45
4. Peter Bisschop:
The Abode of the Pañcamudrās: A Yoginī temple in Early Medieval Vārāṇasī. 47
5. Nilima Chitgopekar:
Yoginīs in Madhya Pradesh: An Epigraphic Study. 61
6. Heinrich von Stietencron:
Cosmographic Buildings of India: The Circles of the Yoginīs. 70
7. Louise Child:
Relationships and Visions: The Yoginī as Deity and Human Female in Tantric Buddhism. 84
PART 3: ART HISTORY. 95
8. Padma Kaimal:
Yoginīs in Stone: Auspicious and Inauspicious Power. 97
9. Devangana Desai:
The Goddess Hinghalāja of the Yoginī Shrine at Khajuraho. 109
10. Peter D. Sharrock:
The Yoginīs of the Bayon. 117
PART 4: ETHNOGRAPHY. 131
11. June McDaniel:
Yoginīs in Bengali Religious Traditions: Tribal, Tantric and Bhakti Influences. 133
12. Fabrizio M. Ferrari:
Alternative Yoginīs with Alternative Powers: Singing the Blues in the Cauṣaṭṭī Yoginī Devī Mandir of Vārāṇasī. 148
13. Priyadarshini Vijasri:
Invoking the Erotic Mother: The Outcaste Priestess and the Heroic Men. 163
PART 5: POSSESSION, SEXUALITY, DANCE. 177
14. Judit Törzsök:
Yoginī and Goddess Possession in Early Śaiva Tantras. 179
15. Olga Serbaeva Saraogi:
Can Encounters with Yoginīs in the Jayadrathayāmala Be Described as Possession? 198
16. Loriliai Biernacki:
The Yoginī and the Tantric Sex Rite, or How to Keep a Secret. 213
17. Alessandra Lopez y Royo:
Performing Hirapur: Dancing the Śakti Rūpa Yoginī. 226
Index. 235
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