约翰·弥尔顿 John Milton
1608-1674
英国诗人、政论家。1608年12月9曰出生于伦敦一个富裕的清教徒家庭。父亲爱好文学,受其影响,弥尔顿从小喜爱读书,尤其喜爱文学。1625年16岁时入剑桥大学,并开始写诗,1632年取得硕士学位。因目睹当时国教曰趋反动,他放弃了当教会牧师的念头,闭门攻读文学6年,一心想写出能传世的伟大诗篇。
1638年弥尔顿为增长见闻到当时欧洲文化中心意大利旅行,拜会了当地的文人志士,其中有被天主教会囚禁的伽利略。弥尔顿深为伽利略在逆境中坚持真理的精神所感动。翌年听说英国革命即将爆发,便中止旅行,仓促回国,投身革命运动。
1641年,弥尔顿站在革命的清教徒一边,开始参加宗教论战,反对封建王朝的支柱国教。他在一年多的时间里发表了5本有关宗教自由的小册子1644年为争取言论自由而写了《论出版自由》。 1649年,革命阵营中的独立派将国王推上断头台,成立共和国。弥尔顿为提高革命人民的信心和巩固革命政权,发表《论国王与官吏的职权》等文,并参加了革命=工作,担任拉丁文秘书职务。1652年因劳累过度,双目失明。
1660年,王朝复辟,弥尔顿被捕入狱,不久又被释放。从此他专心写诗,为实现伟大的文学抱负而艰苦努力,在亲友的协助下,共写出3首长诗:《失乐园》(1667),《复乐园》(1671)和《力士参孙》(1671)。1674年11月8曰卒于伦敦。
写作背景:
《论出版自由》是密尔顿在1644年向英国国会提出的一篇演说词。1644年是英国资产阶级向斯图亚特王朝作斗争取得初步胜利的时期,革命内部的资产阶级上层分子长老派害怕革命继续深入,他们竭力控制人民的宗教信仰和政治思想,力图与王党妥协。密尔顿为了争取人民言论出版自由,写了这篇政论,向国会提出呼吁,并在演词中对长老派提出了警告。
When John Milton wrote Areopagitica in 1644, he was not making a contribution to the great debate on church versus state or the limits of toleration, except incidentally. Areopagitica was the result of the response to his Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce the previous year. Advocating divorce seemed to strike at the roots of any religious society; it was universally condemned, and a divine of the Westminster Assembly demanded from the pulpit that Milton's tract be burnt. The Stationers' Company, less interested in theology than the preservation of the copyright system (Milton, like most of his contemporaries, had not obtained a license for the book), joined in the chorus of condemnation. In Areopagitica, Milton first of all defended himself and his right to express what he had written, and then he moved on to consider a new aspect of the problem, the rights of a book itself, independent of the intention of its author.
On the day the English Parliament abolished the Court of Star Chamber and the ecclesiastical Court of High Commission, freedom of the press, both as an idea and as a material fact, was born. It was to take some time to grow to maturity, and its first years were not without risk and dangers. Parliament had no intention of setting the press free--rather of transferring control into its own hands. But when it finally got around to tackling the problem two years later with the Ordinance of June 16, 1643, Pandora's box had opened--political consciousness had come to the country, brought by the hundreds of books and pamphlets that had been printed in the interval. So not only did this Ordinance have little or no practical effect, it created a new and separate idea of debate among the mass of religious and political controversy: How free can speech be? It was against this background that Areopagitica was published in 1644.
Commentary by Nicolas Barker, searchable live text.
看完这本书后,我的心情很难平静,“责罚一种智慧就将增加它的威信。禁止一种写作,就会让人认为它是一种真理的火花,正好飞在一个想要熄灭这种真理的人的脸上。”这样的句子在脑中不停地闪现,从抽象的角度来讲,弥尔顿对于自由、真理、智慧的追求确实让人感动和崇敬。 虽然大...
评分1644年,36岁的约翰·弥尔顿激情澎湃。那时他还没有失明,也没有写出著名的《失乐园》和《复乐园》,在英国人眼里,他不过是一名书报审查官,和不可救药的激进主义者。谁也没有料到,这个以书报审查为职业的中年人,率先对书报审查制度发起了冲锋。他写了一本小册子《论出版自...
评分——“让我凭着良知自由地认识、自由地发言、自由地讨论吧。”(Give me liberty to know,to utter,and to argue freely according to conscience.) 东西方政治文化环境的对比 弥尔顿不愧是一个文采斐然的诗人,这洋洋洒洒的几十页充满了激情和煽动力,仿佛在听弥尔顿演讲一样,...
评分1644年,36岁的约翰·弥尔顿激情澎湃。那时他还没有失明,也没有写出著名的《失乐园》和《复乐园》,在英国人眼里,他不过是一名书报审查官,和不可救药的激进主义者。谁也没有料到,这个以书报审查为职业的中年人,率先对书报审查制度发起了冲锋。他写了一本小册子《论出版自...
评分一本仅仅六十页的小册子从头到尾读下来竟然花费了我两天的时间,分析个中原因,除了连玩儿带闹精力不够集中外,这本书的翻译吴之椿先生也着实帮了“大忙”(看过的朋友想必多有这感受)。但当平心静气地看过一遍之后,感觉还真是受益匪浅。作为弥尔顿政论的代表作,《论...
吐血而死,相比果然还是Paradise Lost好
评分吐血而死,相比果然还是Paradise Lost好
评分毕业论文的最后一句引用了弥尔顿的话,希望新媒体的传统媒体审查的影响是:‘lively, vigorously productive, as those fabulous dragon’s teeth; and being sown up and down, may chance to spring up armed men.' 回头看真觉得自己牛逼闪闪。。。还采访了那么多牛人。。。
评分说人话!鲨了你!!你今晚就被我暗鲨!!
评分..........that let no man in this world expect; but when complaints are freely heard, deeply considered and speedily reformed, then is the utmost bound of civil liberty attained that wise men look for......
本站所有内容均为互联网搜索引擎提供的公开搜索信息,本站不存储任何数据与内容,任何内容与数据均与本站无关,如有需要请联系相关搜索引擎包括但不限于百度,google,bing,sogou 等
© 2025 book.quotespace.org All Rights Reserved. 小美书屋 版权所有