For the Pre-Socratic philosophers the soul was the source of movement and sensation, while for Plato it was the seat of being, metaphysically distinct from the body that it was forced temporarily to inhabit. Plato's student Aristotle was determined to test the truth of both these beliefs against the emerging sciences of logic and biology. His examination of the huge variety of living organisms the enormous range of their behaviour, their powers and their perceptual sophistication convinced him of the inadequacy both of a materialist reduction and of a Platonic sublimation of the soul. In De Anima, he sought to set out his theory of the soul as the ultimate reality of embodied form and produced both a masterpiece of philosophical insight and a psychology of perennially fascinating subtlety.
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虽然英文题为 On the Soul，中文译成论灵魂，但这里所讨论的灵魂与英文 soul 所传达出的概念很不相同。现代英语中的 soul 多少带有一些基督教神学的影响，倾向于指不灭的，非物质的灵魂。但这里的灵魂更接近拉丁语的 anima，似乎理解成生命的力量/原则/形式更为恰当。这一点是读之前尤其要注意的。被讨论最多的是最后关于 intellect（智力）的几章，因为亚里士多德认为智力是灵魂中唯一可以不灭（脱离物质）的属性，因而与我们现在日常所讨论的灵魂最为接近。
评分Book 1 Chapter 1, Book 2 Chapter 1-6 and 12, Book 3 Chapter 2-8
评分Book 1 Chapter 1, Book 2 Chapter 1-6 and 12, Book 3 Chapter 2-8
评分Book 1 Chapter 1, Book 2 Chapter 1-6 and 12, Book 3 Chapter 2-8
评分Book 1 Chapter 1, Book 2 Chapter 1-6 and 12, Book 3 Chapter 2-8
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