具体描述
ATM网络与其他网络的互通技术是当前B－ISDN研究领域中的一个热
点，有效的网络互通将使现有应用平滑地过渡到宽带应用。该书是一本介
绍ATM网络互通的专著，重点讨论了ATM与帧中继，ATM与局域网以及
ATM与基于IP协议的因特网、企业网之间的互通。其主要内容包括：（1）互
通帧的封装原则和地址映射操作（RFC1483，RFC1577，RFC1490）；（2）ATM与
帧中继之间的互通操作；（3）网络互通和业务互通的概念及原理；（4）局域网
仿真（LANE）及其操作协议；（5）NHRP协议；（6）ATM网上的多协议（MPOA）
技术等。作者UylessBlack是世界上非常著名的计算机网络及数据通信领域
的专家，在公用网和专用网方面具有丰富的实践阅历。
本书适合于大专院校电信与计算机专业的研究生及高年级本科生作为
参考书，也可供从事电信和计算机网络工作的广大科技人员阅读。
探索金融科技的未来：全球支付系统与数字货币的深度解析 本书不包含“ATM网互通技术——英文”的任何内容。 --- 本书旨在为读者构建一个关于当代全球金融支付基础设施、数字货币生态系统及其未来趋势的全面、深入的理解框架。我们聚焦于驱动全球商业活动和个人财富流动的核心技术、监管环境与市场策略，提供一个超越传统银行业务视角的权威指南。 第一部分：全球支付体系的演进与核心架构 本部分将详尽剖析支撑国际贸易和跨境汇款的现有支付网络。我们不会讨论任何关于自动柜员机（ATM）的具体技术互联细节。 第一章：从SWIFT到API：现代金融信息网络的重塑 本章将深入考察环球银行金融电信协会（SWIFT）作为全球标准信息传输协议的现状、优势及其面临的挑战。重点分析新兴的即时支付系统（Instant Payment Systems，IPS）如何颠覆传统的批处理模式，例如欧洲的SEPA、英国的Faster Payments以及多国正在推行的央行实时全额支付（RTGS）系统。 核心机制解析： 详细解读跨国支付中的清算、结算与交收（Clearing, Settlement, and Delivery, CSD）流程，区分这些流程在不同司法管辖区中的差异化处理方式。 API驱动的金融互联： 探讨开放银行（Open Banking）概念如何通过应用程序编程接口（APIs）促进金融机构与第三方服务提供商（TPP）之间的数据和交易互联，从而实现更高效、更具成本效益的支付路由选择。 第二章：跨境支付的复杂性与优化策略 跨境交易涉及的合规性、汇率风险和流动性管理是本章的核心议题。我们将专注于如何利用科技手段优化这些环节。 合规性与反洗钱（AML/CFT）： 深入研究金融行动特别工作组（FATF）的“旅行规则”（Travel Rule）对资金转移信息流的严格要求，以及金融科技公司如何利用分布式账本技术（DLT）增强交易的可追溯性。 流动性池管理： 分析预先注资模型（Nostro/Vostro账户管理）的局限性，并介绍新型的“账户代理网络”（Agent Networks）和“合成中间货币”（Synthetic FX）解决方案，以减少资金在途时间和资本占用。 第三章：替代性结算机制与稳定币的崛起 在传统银行间系统之外，新的结算机制正在快速发展。 企业级稳定币的潜力： 探讨主要银行和支付巨头如何发行或采用与法定货币挂钩的私有稳定币（如JPM Coin或特定区域的代币化存款），用于企业间的即时大额结算，分析其对银行间结算效率的潜在影响。 监管沙盒与创新测试： 考察各国金融监管机构为测试新型支付基础设施而设立的监管沙盒机制，以及这些测试如何推动支付行业向更开放、更具竞争性的方向发展。 第二部分：数字货币生态系统与去中心化金融（DeFi） 本部分将完全聚焦于加密资产和区块链技术在支付与价值转移方面的应用，完全不涉及传统银行硬件或网络协议的细节。 第四章：比特币与以太坊：作为价值存储与可编程货币的基础 本章将对比特币作为“数字黄金”的价值主张，以及以太坊（或其他智能合约平台）如何通过图灵完备的脚本语言实现复杂的金融逻辑。 链上交易的拓扑结构： 深入分析UTXO模型（比特币）与账户模型（以太坊）在处理交易确认和状态变更上的根本差异。 第二层（Layer 2）扩展方案： 详细阐述侧链（Sidechains）、状态通道（State Channels，如闪电网络）和Rollups（Optimistic/ZK）等技术如何解决主链的吞吐量限制，使其更适合高频小额支付场景。 第五章：去中心化金融（DeFi）中的支付创新 DeFi运动正在重塑金融服务的提供方式，本章将关注其中与价值转移直接相关的协议。 去中心化交易所（DEX）与流动性池： 分析自动做市商（AMM）模型如何取代传统订单簿，实现无需中介的点对点资产交换，并讨论其对支付套利机会的影响。 借贷协议与抵押： 探讨DeFi协议如何通过超额抵押或无抵押（如基于声誉的贷款）机制，提供即时的、全球可访问的信贷流动性，这本质上是一种基于数字资产的支付能力转移。 跨链互操作性： 研究跨链桥（Bridges）和互操作性协议（如Cosmos IBC, Polkadot XCM）如何解决资产在不同区块链网络间转移的难题，这是实现真正全球化数字支付的前提。 第六章：央行数字货币（CBDC）的全球布局与影响 CBDC是各国政府对数字支付革命的回应，本章将分析不同模式的设计选择及其对现有金融秩序的冲击。 批发型（Wholesale）与零售型（Retail）CBDC： 对比批发型CBDC（主要服务于银行间结算）和零售型CBDC（直接面向公众）的设计哲学、技术选型（基于DLT或中央银行账本）及其对商业银行支付业务的潜在挤压效应。 隐私保护机制： 重点讨论在CBDC设计中，如何平衡金融透明度（反洗钱需求）与公民支付隐私的需求，分析零知识证明（Zero-Knowledge Proofs）在这一领域的应用前景。 第三部分：支付基础设施的安全、监管与未来趋势 本书的最后部分将审视支撑整个支付体系的非功能性需求——安全、监管框架，以及面向未来的技术融合。 第七章：支付安全与网络弹性 面对日益复杂的网络攻击，支付系统的韧性至关重要。 加密学在交易完整性中的作用： 详细介绍公钥基础设施（PKI）、哈希函数在数据签名和防篡改方面的应用，以及后量子密码学（PQC）对未来支付安全协议的潜在影响。 欺诈检测与风险建模： 探讨如何利用机器学习模型分析交易模式，实时识别异常行为，而非仅仅依赖传统的规则引擎。 第八章：全球支付的监管范式与地缘政治影响 支付系统是国家金融主权的体现，本章关注监管如何塑造技术采纳的路径。 支付服务指令（PSD2/PSD3）的全球影响： 分析欧盟等地出台的支付服务法规如何强制开放支付接口，并将其监管范式推广至全球其他地区。 数据本地化与数字主权： 讨论各国对支付数据存储和处理地点的严格要求，以及这如何影响全球支付网络的设计与运营成本。 第九章：未来支付场景的融合 展望未来十年，支付将深度融入物联网（IoT）和人工智能（AI）驱动的自动化经济中。 机器对机器（M2M）支付： 设想在自动驾驶、智能电网等场景中，设备如何无需人工干预地进行微支付和结算，以及这需要什么样的支付基础设施支撑。 身份验证的去中心化： 探讨基于自我主权身份（SSI）的支付授权流程，如何将用户身份的控制权从中心化实体手中转移，从而简化支付验证步骤。 本书提供了一套严谨的理论框架和前沿的技术洞察，是金融科技专业人士、政策制定者以及对全球价值转移机制感兴趣的深度学习者的必备参考。
作者简介
目录信息
Contents
Preface xv
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
Reasons for Internetworking
Reasons for Internetworking with ATM
Terms and Definitions
Internetworking and Interworking
L-2 and L.3 Protocol Data Units (PDUs)
Addresses and Virtual Circuit Identifiers
Routing and Switohing
Specific Terms for the Virtual Circuit ID
Correlating Addresses and Virtual Circuit IDs
ATM Internetworking Examples
Comparison of ATM and Frame Relay
The ATM and Frame Relay Headers
Comparison of ATM and LAN Technologies
Comparison of ATM and IP
Conventions for ATM Interfaces and Data Units
Summary
CHAPTER 2 Encapsulation and Address Mapping Operations
Encapsulation Concepts
Service Access Points (SAPS)
LLC and LSAPS
Ethertype (Type)
Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP)
ISO/IEC TR 9577 (Network Level Protocol
Identifier [NLPID])
Examples of Joint Use of NLPID and SNAP
IP Protocol 10
Ports/PSAPS
Putting It All Together
Example of Encapsulation Operations
Support for Layer 2 and 3 Protocols
Encapsulation Rules for Frame Relay (RFC 1490)
Encapsulation Rules forATM (RFC 1483)
Options in RFC 1483
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
The ARP Protocol Data Units (PDUs)
Frame Relay ARP
Classical IP and ARP Over ATM (RFC 1577)
The LIS Configuration
Rules for Address Resolution
Operations at the ATMARP Server and Client
Operations at the Server
Operations at the ATMARP Client Site
ATMARP and Inverse ATMARP Packet Formats
ATMARP and INATMARP Packet Encapsulation
Multicast Address Resolution Server (MARS)
Pros and Cons of MARS
Summary
CHAPTER 3 ATM/Frame Relay Interworking Operations
ATM/Frame Relay Interworking Models
Internetworking Definitions
Protocol Encapsulation and Protocol Mapping
Network and Service Interworking
Guides for the User Interface
Primitive Operations
Parameter Primitives
One Scenario for ATM Frame Relay Interworking
Guidance from RFC 1483
Summary
CHAPTER 4 DXI and FUNI
Why DX1 and FUNI were Developed
DXI and FUNI Topologies
A Look at the Headers
DXI Modes
Example of Modes 1 A and 1 B
Examples of DXI Frames 65
DXI Frame Address Mappings
Comparisons of DXI and FUNI
Frame Relay vs. DXI/FUNI
Summary
CHAPTER 5 Network Interworking
Network Interworking Concepts
Network Interworking Scenarios
Network Interworking Functions
Variable Length PDU Formatting and Delimiting
Error Detection
Connection Multiplexing
Discard Eligibility and Cell Loss Mapping
Congestion Indication
PVC Status Management
Summary
CHAPTER 6 Service Interworking 87
Definitions of Service Interworking
FR-ATM Interworking Service
Service Interworking Functions
Frame Formatting and Delimiting
Discard Eligibility and Cell Loss Priority Mapping
Congestion Indication
Mapping the DLCI
PVC Management Procedures
Formatting and Identification Procedures
Bridged PDUs
Routed OSI PDUs
Other Encapsulations
ARP Procedures
ARP Message Formats
Traffic Management
Frame Relay Quality of Service
ATM Quality of Service
FR-ATM Quality of Service
Connection Policing and Traffic Shaping
Summary
Introduction to LAN Emulation
Comparing LANS and ATM
Purpose of LAN Emulation (LANE)
Support of Key LAN Operations
LAN Emulation Components
Registrations
ARP Operations
Connection Setup
Virtual Channels
LAN Use of Primitives (Service Detinitions)
The LAN Protocol Model
Principal LUNI Functions
Control and Data Channel Connection
Control Channel Connections
Data Channel Connections
The Initialization Function
Address Resolution Operations
Connection Establishment Procedures
The SETUP Message
Rules for Sending User Traffic
Spanning Tree Operations
Summary
CHAPTER 8 Service Specification and Protocol Data Units
(PDUs)
Basic Concepts
LE-ULP Service Specifications
LE-AAL Service Specifications
LE-Connaction Management Service Specifications
Parameters for the Connection Service
CONTENTS
Add and Drop Party Procedure
LE-Layer Management Service Specifications
Data Frames
Type/Length (TL) Operations
Summary
CHAPTER 9
Configuration, Registration, and ARP Procedures
and LNNI
The Configure Operation
The Join Operation
The Registration Operation
Registration Frame Format
The Lane Addresss Resolution Protocol
The ARP Frames
LE Client Use of ARP
LE Server Use of ARP
Example of ARP Opeations
ARP Frame Format
LE-NARP Frame Format
LE-opology-Request Frame Format
LAN Emulation Network-Network Interface (LNNI)
Summary
CHAPTER 10 Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP)
Purpose of NHRP
Modeling the NBMA Network
NHRP Operations
Examples of NBMA Operations
Authoritative and Nonauthoritative Replies
Restrictions on the Messaaes
Station Configurations
A More Detailed Example
The NHRP Messages
Pros and Cons of NHRP
Other NHRP Operations
Summary
CHAPTER 11 Multiprotocol over ATM (MPOA)
Purpose of MPOA
Advantages of L-3 Operations
Intra-Subnet and Inter-Subnet Operations
Virtual Routing
MPOA Requirements
MPOA Cache
Ingress Cache
Egress Cache
MPOA Clients and Servers
The MPC
The Use of Tags
MPOA Information Flows
Major MPOA Operations
Examples of MPOA Operations
MPOA Host-to-MPOA Host
Edge Device-to-MPOA Host
Edge Device-to-Edge Device
Roles of MPS and MPC in More Detail
The MPOA Protocol Data Units (PDUS) Formats
Format and Syntax for the MPOA Messages
Other MPOA Operations Summary
Appendix A Basics of Intemetworking
Appendix B Addressing Conventions
Appendix C Lane Parameters
Abbreviations
Other References
Index
· · · · · · (收起)
Preface xv
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
Reasons for Internetworking
Reasons for Internetworking with ATM
Terms and Definitions
Internetworking and Interworking
L-2 and L.3 Protocol Data Units (PDUs)
Addresses and Virtual Circuit Identifiers
Routing and Switohing
Specific Terms for the Virtual Circuit ID
Correlating Addresses and Virtual Circuit IDs
ATM Internetworking Examples
Comparison of ATM and Frame Relay
The ATM and Frame Relay Headers
Comparison of ATM and LAN Technologies
Comparison of ATM and IP
Conventions for ATM Interfaces and Data Units
Summary
CHAPTER 2 Encapsulation and Address Mapping Operations
Encapsulation Concepts
Service Access Points (SAPS)
LLC and LSAPS
Ethertype (Type)
Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP)
ISO/IEC TR 9577 (Network Level Protocol
Identifier [NLPID])
Examples of Joint Use of NLPID and SNAP
IP Protocol 10
Ports/PSAPS
Putting It All Together
Example of Encapsulation Operations
Support for Layer 2 and 3 Protocols
Encapsulation Rules for Frame Relay (RFC 1490)
Encapsulation Rules forATM (RFC 1483)
Options in RFC 1483
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
The ARP Protocol Data Units (PDUs)
Frame Relay ARP
Classical IP and ARP Over ATM (RFC 1577)
The LIS Configuration
Rules for Address Resolution
Operations at the ATMARP Server and Client
Operations at the Server
Operations at the ATMARP Client Site
ATMARP and Inverse ATMARP Packet Formats
ATMARP and INATMARP Packet Encapsulation
Multicast Address Resolution Server (MARS)
Pros and Cons of MARS
Summary
CHAPTER 3 ATM/Frame Relay Interworking Operations
ATM/Frame Relay Interworking Models
Internetworking Definitions
Protocol Encapsulation and Protocol Mapping
Network and Service Interworking
Guides for the User Interface
Primitive Operations
Parameter Primitives
One Scenario for ATM Frame Relay Interworking
Guidance from RFC 1483
Summary
CHAPTER 4 DXI and FUNI
Why DX1 and FUNI were Developed
DXI and FUNI Topologies
A Look at the Headers
DXI Modes
Example of Modes 1 A and 1 B
Examples of DXI Frames 65
DXI Frame Address Mappings
Comparisons of DXI and FUNI
Frame Relay vs. DXI/FUNI
Summary
CHAPTER 5 Network Interworking
Network Interworking Concepts
Network Interworking Scenarios
Network Interworking Functions
Variable Length PDU Formatting and Delimiting
Error Detection
Connection Multiplexing
Discard Eligibility and Cell Loss Mapping
Congestion Indication
PVC Status Management
Summary
CHAPTER 6 Service Interworking 87
Definitions of Service Interworking
FR-ATM Interworking Service
Service Interworking Functions
Frame Formatting and Delimiting
Discard Eligibility and Cell Loss Priority Mapping
Congestion Indication
Mapping the DLCI
PVC Management Procedures
Formatting and Identification Procedures
Bridged PDUs
Routed OSI PDUs
Other Encapsulations
ARP Procedures
ARP Message Formats
Traffic Management
Frame Relay Quality of Service
ATM Quality of Service
FR-ATM Quality of Service
Connection Policing and Traffic Shaping
Summary
Introduction to LAN Emulation
Comparing LANS and ATM
Purpose of LAN Emulation (LANE)
Support of Key LAN Operations
LAN Emulation Components
Registrations
ARP Operations
Connection Setup
Virtual Channels
LAN Use of Primitives (Service Detinitions)
The LAN Protocol Model
Principal LUNI Functions
Control and Data Channel Connection
Control Channel Connections
Data Channel Connections
The Initialization Function
Address Resolution Operations
Connection Establishment Procedures
The SETUP Message
Rules for Sending User Traffic
Spanning Tree Operations
Summary
CHAPTER 8 Service Specification and Protocol Data Units
(PDUs)
Basic Concepts
LE-ULP Service Specifications
LE-AAL Service Specifications
LE-Connaction Management Service Specifications
Parameters for the Connection Service
CONTENTS
Add and Drop Party Procedure
LE-Layer Management Service Specifications
Data Frames
Type/Length (TL) Operations
Summary
CHAPTER 9
Configuration, Registration, and ARP Procedures
and LNNI
The Configure Operation
The Join Operation
The Registration Operation
Registration Frame Format
The Lane Addresss Resolution Protocol
The ARP Frames
LE Client Use of ARP
LE Server Use of ARP
Example of ARP Opeations
ARP Frame Format
LE-NARP Frame Format
LE-opology-Request Frame Format
LAN Emulation Network-Network Interface (LNNI)
Summary
CHAPTER 10 Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP)
Purpose of NHRP
Modeling the NBMA Network
NHRP Operations
Examples of NBMA Operations
Authoritative and Nonauthoritative Replies
Restrictions on the Messaaes
Station Configurations
A More Detailed Example
The NHRP Messages
Pros and Cons of NHRP
Other NHRP Operations
Summary
CHAPTER 11 Multiprotocol over ATM (MPOA)
Purpose of MPOA
Advantages of L-3 Operations
Intra-Subnet and Inter-Subnet Operations
Virtual Routing
MPOA Requirements
MPOA Cache
Ingress Cache
Egress Cache
MPOA Clients and Servers
The MPC
The Use of Tags
MPOA Information Flows
Major MPOA Operations
Examples of MPOA Operations
MPOA Host-to-MPOA Host
Edge Device-to-MPOA Host
Edge Device-to-Edge Device
Roles of MPS and MPC in More Detail
The MPOA Protocol Data Units (PDUS) Formats
Format and Syntax for the MPOA Messages
Other MPOA Operations Summary
Appendix A Basics of Intemetworking
Appendix B Addressing Conventions
Appendix C Lane Parameters
Abbreviations
Other References
Index
· · · · · · (收起)
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