PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
         ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
         Chapter 1 PRESENT TIME
         1-1 THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
         1-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND THE PRESENT
         PROGRESSIVE
         1-3 SPELLING: FINAL -S vs. -ES.
         1-4 NONPROGRESSIVE VERBS
         1-5 SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT PROGRESSIVE: SHORT
         ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
         Chapter2 PASTTIME
         2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
         2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST
         2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
         2-4 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
         2-5 SPELLING OF -ING AND -ED FORMS
         2-6 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
         2-7 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
         2-8 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
         2-9 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
         2-10 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME: IN, AT, AND ON
         Chaptor3 FUTURETIME
         3-1 EXPRESSING FUTURE TIME: BE GOING 20 AND WILL
         3-2 FORMSWTTHWILL..
         3-3 USING PROBABLYWITHWILL
         3-4 BE GOING 10 vs. WILL
         3-5 EXPRESSING FUTURE TIME IN TIME CLAUSES AND
         IP-CLAVSES
         3-6 PARALLELVERBS
         3-7 USINGTHEPRESENTPROGRESSIVETOEXPRESS
         FUTURETIME
         3-8 USINO. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TO EXPRESS FUTURE TIME
         3-9 PRESENT PLANS FOR FUTURE ACTIVmES: USING INTEND
         PLAH, HOPE
         3-10 IMMEDIATE FUTURE: USING BEABOUT 10
         Choptor4 NOUNSANDPRONOUNS
         4-1 PLURALFORMSOFNOUNS
         4-2 SUBJECTS, VERBS, AND OBJECTS
         4-3 OBJECTSOFPREPOSmONS
         4-4 USINGADJECTIVESTODBSCMBENOUNS
         4-5 USINGNOUNSASADJECTIVES
         4-6 PERSONAL PRONOUNS: SUBJECTS AND OBJECTS
         4-7 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
         4-8 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
         4-9 A FRIEND OF + POSSESSIVE
         4-10 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
         4-11 SINGULAR FORMS OF OTHBR: ANOTHER vs. THE OTHER
         4-12 PLURAL FORMS OF OTHER: OTHER(S) vt.TSE OTHER(S)
         4-13 SUMMARYOFFORMSOFOTHB
         4-14 CAPnALIZATION
         Chapfr5 MODAL AUXIUARIES
         5-1 THE FORM-OF MODAL AUXILIARIES
         5-2 EXPRESSING ABILITY: CAN AND COULD
         5-3 EXPRESSINGPOSSlBILITY:MAYANDJWGHT
         EXPRESSING PERMISSION: MAYAND CAN
         5-4 USING COULD TO EXPRESS POSSIBILITY
         5-5 ASKING FOR PERMISSION: MAYI, COULD l, CAN l
         5-6 ASKING FOR ASSISTANCE: WOULD YOU, COULD YOU,
         WILLYOU.CANYOU
         5-7 EXPRESSING ADVICE: SHOULD, OUGHT TO, HAD BETTER
         5-8 EXPRESSING NECESSITY: HAVE T0, HAVS GOT TO, MUST
         5-9 EXPRESSING LACK OF NECESSITY: DO NOTHAVE TQ
         EXPRESSING PRQHIBITION: MUSTNOT
         5-10 MAKING LOGICAL CONCLUSIONS: MUST
         5-11 GIVING INSTRUCTIONS: IMPERATIVE SENTENCES
         5-12 MAKING SUGGESTIONS: LETS AND WHYDON'T
         5-13 STATING PREFERENCES: PREFER, LIKE. . . BETTER,
         WOULDRATHER
         Chapter 6 ASKING QUESTIONS
         6-1 YESTNO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS
         6-2 YES/NO QUESTIONS AND INFORMATION QUESTIONS
         6-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND WHAT
         6-4 USING WHAT + A FORM OF DO
         6-5 USINGWHATKINDOF
         6-6 USING WHICH
         6-7 USING WHOSE
         6-8 USINGHOW
         6-9 USING HOW OFTEN
         6-10 USINGHOWFAR
         6-11 EXPRESSING LENGTH OF TIME: IT + TAKE
         6-12 USING HOWLONG
         6-13 MORE QUESTIONS WITH HOW
         6-14 USINGHOWABOUTANDWHATABOUT
         6-15 TAGQUESTIONS
         Chapfor7 THEPRESENTPERFECTANDTHEPASTPERFECT
         7-1 THEPASTPARTICIPLE
         7-2 FORMS OF THB PRESENT PERFECT
         7-3 MBANINGSOFTHEPRESENTPERFECT
         7-4 USINGTHESIMPLEPASTvs.THEPRESENTPERFECT
         7-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
         7-6 THEPRESENTPERFECTPROGRESSIVE
         7-7 THE PRESENT PERFECT vs. THE PRESENT PERFECT
         PROGRESSIVE
         7-8 MIDSENTENCE ADVERBS
         7-9 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, ANYMORE
         7-10 USINGTHEPASTPERFECT
         Chapto 8 COUNT / NONCOUNT NOUNS AND ARNCLES
         8-1 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS
         8-2 NONCOUNTNOUNS
         8-3 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS
         8-4 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
         8-5 USINGUNITSOFMEASUREWITHNONCOUNTNOUNS
         8-6 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
         8-7 USING EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY AS PRONOUNS
         8-8 NONSPECIFIC OBJECT PRONOUNS: SOME, ANY, AND ONE
         Chaptor9 CONNECTING IDEAS
         9-1 CONNECTINGIDEASWITHAND
         9-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
         9-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
         9-4 USINGAUXILIARYVERBSAPTERBUTANDAND
         9-5 USING AND + 700,50, EITHER, NEITHER
         9-6 CONNECTINGIDEASWITHBECAUSE
         9-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOVGHIALTHOVGH
         9-8 PHRASALVERBS(SEPARABLE)
         9-9 PHRASAL VERBS (NONSEPRABLE)
         Chaptor1O GERUNDS AND INFINmVES
         10-1 GERUNDS AND INFINmVES: INTRODUCTION
         10-2 VERB+GERUND
         10-3 GO + ING
         10-4 VERB + INFINmVE
         10-5 VERB + GERUND OR INFINmVE
         10-6 UNCOMPLETED INFINmVES
         10-7 PREPOSmON + GERUND
         10-8 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW SOMETHING
         ISDONE
         10-9 USING GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS: USING IT + INFINITIVE
         10-10 IT + INFINITIVE: USING POR (SOMEONE)
         10-11 INFINTnVE OF PURPOSE: USING M ORDER TO
         10-12 USINGINFINrnVESWITHTOOANDENOUGH
         10-13 MORE PHRASAL VERBS (SEPARABLE)
         Chopter 11 PASSIVE SENTENCES
         11-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
         11-2 TENSE FORMS OF PASSIVE VERBS
         11-3 TRANSmVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
         11-4 USING THE "BY-PHRASE"
         11-5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND
         PASTPROGRESSIVE
         11-6 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
         11-7 SUMMARY: PASSIVE VERB FORMS
         11-8 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
         (STXnVE PASSIVE)
         11-9 PARTICIPIAL ADJECITVES: -SD vs. -ING
         11-10 GBT + ADJECTIVE; GST + PAST KARTICIPLE
         11-11 USING BE VSEDIACCUSTOMED To AND GET VSEDI
         ACCUSTOMEDTO
         11-12 USWG BE SUPPOSED TO
         Chapter12 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
         12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
         12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
         12-3 USING WHO, WHOM, AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
         12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
         12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
         12-6 USING PREPOSmONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
         12-7 USINGWHOSEINADJECTIVECLAUSES
         12-8 MORE PHRASAL VERBS (SEPARABLE)
         12-9 MORE PHRASAL VERBS (NONSEPARABLE)
         Chapterl13 COMPARISONS
         13-1 MAKINGCOMPARISONSWITHAS AS
         13-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
         13-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF
         ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
         13-4 USING COMPARATIVES
         13-5 USINGMOREWITHNOUNS
         13-6 REPEATING A COMPARATIVE
         13-7 USING DOUBLE COMPARATIVES
         13-8 USING SUPERLATIVES
         13-9 USING THE SAME, SIMILAR, DIFFERENT, LIKE, ALIKE
         Chopfor14 NOUNCLAUSES
         14-1 NOUN CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
         14-2 NOUNCLAUSESTHATBEGINWITHAQUESTIONWORD
         14-3 NOUN CLAUSES WITH WHO, WHAT, WHOSE + BE
         14-4 NOUNCLAUSESWHICHBEGINWITHlFORWHeTHER
         14-5 NOUN CLAUSES WHICH BEGIN WITH THAT
         14-6 SUBSTITUTINGSOFORA"THAT-CLAUSE"TH
         CONVERSAnONAL RESPONSES
         14-7 OTHERUSESOF"THAT-CLAUSESES"
         Chapter15 QUOTED SPEECH AND REPORTED SPEECH
         15-1 QUOTEDSPEECH
         15-2 QUOTED SPEECH vs. REPORTED SPEECH
         15-3 VERB FORM USAGE IN REPORTED SPEECH: FORMAL
         SEQUENCE OF TENSES
         15-4 USINGSAyvs. TELL
         15-5 USINGASKIF
         15-6 USING VERB + INFINITIVE TO REPORT SPEECH
         15-7 SOME TROUBLESOME VERBS: ADVISE, SUGGEST, AND
         RECOMMEND
         Chapter 16 USING WISH. USING IF
         16-1 EXPRESSING WISHES ABOUT THE PRESENT/FUTURE
         16-2 EXPRESSING WISHES ABOUT THE PAST
         16-3 USING IF: CONTRARY-TO-FACT IN THE PRESENT/FUTURE
         16-4 USING IF: TRUE vs. CONTRARY-TO-FACT IN THE
         PRESENT/FUTURE
         16-5 USING IF: CONTRARY-TO-FACT IN THE PAST
         16-6 SUMMARY: VERB FORMS IN SENTENCES WITH IF
         (CONDITIONALSENTENCES)
         Appendlx 1
         Appendix 2
         Appendlx 3
         Appendix 4
         Appendlx 5
         INDEX
         PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS
         PHRASAL VERBS
         GUIDE FOR CORRECTING WRITING ERRORS
         BASIC VOCABULARY UST
         DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AMERICAN ENGUSH AND
         BRITISH ENGUSH
      · · · · · ·     (
收起)