contents 目录
CHAPTER one 第一章
Langguage and Learing 语言和学习
Review of Basic Structures and Verb Forms 复习基本结构和动词形式
TOPlC ONE The Sentence and Its Parts
A. Parts of Speech
B. Sentences
C. Subjects
D. Verbs, Objects, and Complements
E. Preview of the Tense System
TOPIC TWO The Simple Tenses
A. The Simple Tenses: An Overview
B. The Simple Present Tense
C. Special Uses of the Simple Present Tense
D. The Simple Future and Be Going To
E. The Simple Past Tense
F. The Habitual Past: Would + Simple Form and Used TO + Simple Form
TOPlC THREE The Continuous Tenses
A. The Continuous Tenses: An Overview
B. The Present Continuous Tense
C. The Past Continuous Tense
D. The Future Continuous Tense
TOPIC FOUR The Perfect and Perfect Continuous Tenses and Verb Tense Review
A. The Perfect Tenses: An Overview
B. The Present Perfect Tense
C. The Perfect Continuous Tenses: An Overview
D. The Present Perfect Continuous and Present Perfect Tenses
E. The Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous Tenses
F. The Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous Tenses
TOPIC FlVE Modal Auxiliaries
A. Introduction to Modal Auxiliaries
B. Ability and Potential with Can, Could, and Be Able To
C. Advice and Suggestions with Had Better. Should (Have), Ought To
(Have), Could (Have), and Might (Have)
D. Expectations with Ought TO and Should
E. Need or Obligation with Must, Have To, and Have Got To
F. Lack of Need with Not Have TO
G. Possibility with May (Have). Might (Have), and Could (Have)
H. Probability with Must (Have)
I. Preferences with Would (Have)
J. Requests and Permission with Can, Could, May, Will, and Would
K. Introduction to Focus on Testing focus on testing: verb tenses
学习指导
CHAPTER two 第二章
Danger and Daring 危险和冒险
Nouns and IVIodifiers 名词和修饰语
TOPIC ONE Review of Nouns, Pronouns, and Possessive Adjectives
A. Introduction to Nouns
B. Count Nouns
C. Noncount Nouns
D. Nouns That Are Both Count and Noncount
E. Personal Pronouns and Possesive Adjectives
focus on testing:pronoun usage
TOPlC TWO Indefinite Articles and Quantifiers
A. Indefinite Articles
B. Units of Measurement
C. Indefinite Adjectives and Pronouns
TOPlC THREE The Definite Article (1)
A. The Definite Article with Count Nouns
B. The Definite Article with Noncount Nouns
C. The with Quantifiers
D. Quantifiers and Subject/Verb Agreement
E. The Number of Versus A Number of: Subject/Verb Agreement
F. Two-Part Subjects:Subject/Verb Agreement
TOPIC FOUR The Definite Article (2)
TOPIC FIVE Problem Areas with Nouns
A. Word Order with Noun Modifiers
B. Collective Nounst Agreement with Verbs and Pronouns
C. Subject/Verb Word Order with "Negative" Adverbs
D. Parallel Structure with Nouns and Noun Modifiers
focus on testing: noun usage
学习指导
CHAPTER three 第三章
Man and Woman 男人和女人
Sentence Types and Sentence Problems 句型和常见问题
TOPlC ONE Commands and Exclamations
A. Commands
B. Exclamations
TOPlC TWO Compound Sentences
A. Coordinating Conjunctions with Clauses
B. Coordinating Conjunctions with Words and Phrases
C. Correlative Conjunctions
TOPlC THREE Transitions
TOPIC FOUR Complex Sentences
A. Complex Sentences: An Overview
B. Complex Sentences: Focus
TOPIC FIVE Sentence Problems
A. Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences
B. Fragments
focus on testing: compound and complex sentences
学习指导
CHAPTER four 第四章
Mysteries Past and Present 古今之谜
Adjective Clauses 形容词从句
TOPIC ONE Adjective Clauses: Restrictive Versus Nonrestrictive
A. Introduction to Adjective Clauses
B. Restrictive versus Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses
TOPIC TWO Adjective Clauses: Replacement of Subjects
A. Clauses with Who, WhiCh, or That
B. Clauses with Whose
TOPIC THREE Adjective Clauses: Replacement of Objects
A. Clauses with Whom, Which, or That (1)
B. Clauses with Whom. Which, or That(2)
C. Clauses with Whose
TOPIC FOUR Other Adjective Clause Constructions
A. Clauses with When and Where
B. Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses and Expressions of Quantity
C. Adjective Clauses and Subject / Verb Agreement
TOPlC FlVE Review of Chapters One to Four
focus on testing: review of problem areas from chapters one to four
学习指导
CHAPTER five 第五章
Transitions 人生转折
Adverb Clauses and Related Structures (1) 副词从句和相关结构(1)
TOPlC ONE Clauses and Related Structures of Time: Future Time
A. Transitions of Sequence
B. Time Clauses with the Present, Present Perfect, and Future Tenses
C. Time Clauses with the Simple Present and Future Perfect (Continuous) Tenses
D. Punctuation of Adverb Clauses and Phrases
TOPIC TWO Clauses and Related Structures of Time: Present and Unspecified Time
TOPIC THREE Clauses and Related Structures of Cause and Result
TOPIC FOUR Clauses and Related Structures of Time Past Time
A. Time Clauses and Phrases with the Simple Past and Past Perfect Tenses
B. Time Clauses and Phrases with the Simple Past and Past Continuous Tenses
focus on testing: connecting words and use of tenses
学习指导
CHAPTER six 第六章
The Mind 大脑
Adverb Clauses and Related Structures (2) 副词从句和相关结构(2)
TOPIC ONE Clauses and Related Structures of Contrast 1 Concession
TOPIC TWO Clauses and Related Structures of Contrast 2 Opposition
TOPIC THREE Clauses and Phrases of Purpose
TOPIC FOUR Clauses and Related Structures of Comparison
A. Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs
B. Clauses and Phrases Showing Comparison
TOPIC FIVE Clauses of Result
focus on testing: adverb clauses and related structures
学习指导
CHAPTER seven 第七章
Working 工作
Noun Clauses 名词从句
TOPIC ONE Clauses with That, Reported Speech
A. Introduction to Noun Clauses
B. Quotations Versus Reported Speech
C. Changes in Verb Tense with Reported Speech
D. Changes in Modal Auxiliaries with Reported Speech
E. Changes in Pronouns, Adjectives, and Adverbials with Reported Speech
F. Changing Commands to Reported Speech
TOPIC TWO Clauses with Embedded Questions
A. Clauses with Embedded Questions
B. Clauses with If and Whether
TOPIC THREE Statements and Requests of Urgency
A. Statements of Urgency with That
B. Urgent Requests with That
TOPIC FOUR Clauses as Subjects of Sentences
A. Clauses as Subjects of Sentences
B. Anticipatory It and Clauses with That
TOPIC FIVE Reduction of Clauses to lnfinitive Phrases
A. Reduction of That Clauses in the Subjunctive Mood
B. Reduction of Indirect Commands, Requests, and Embedded Questions
focus on testing: noun chauses and noun clause reductions
学习指导
CHAPTER eight 第八章
Breakthroughs 突破
The Passive Voice 被动语态
TOPIC ONE The Simple Tenses
A. Introduction to the Passive Voice
B. The Simple Tenses
C. By ＋ Agent
D. Common Expressions in the Passive Voice
E. Get＋Adjective or Past Participle
F. Anticipatory It
TOPIC TWO The Perfect Tenses
TOPlC THREE The Continuous Tenses
TOPlC FOUR The Modal Auxiliaries
focus on testing:use of the passive voice
TOPIC FlVE Review of Chapters Five to Eight
focus on testing: review of problem areas from chapters
five to eight
学习指导
Art and Entertainment 艺术和娱乐
Gerunds and Infinitives (1) 动名词和不定式(1)
TOPIC ONE Gerunds
A. Functions of Gerunds
B. Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions
C. TO + Gerund
D. Gerunds as Objects of Verbs
E. Subjects of Gerunds
F. Direct Objects of Gerunds
TOPIC TWO Infinitives
A. Functions of Infinitives
B. Infinitives as Objects of Verbs
C. Verbs That May Be Followed by (Pro)nouns and Infinitives
D. Verbs That Must Be Followed by a (Pro)noun Object Before an lnfinitive
E. Adverbs, Adjectives, and Nouns Followed by Infinitives
TOPIC THREE Verbs Followed by Either Infinitives or Gerunds
TOPIC FOUR Infinitives and Gerunds as Subjects and Complements, Parallelism
A. Infinitives and Gerunds as Subjects and Complements
B. Parallelism
focus on testing: use of infinitives and gerunds
学习指导
CHAPTER ten 第十章
Ethical Questions 伦理问题
Hope. Wish. and Conditional Sentences Hope, wish 和条件句
TOPIC ONE Hope Versus Wish
A. Hope Versus Wish
B. Subjunctive Forms with Wish
TOPlC TWO Imaginary Conditions:Present and Unspecified Time
A. Otherwise: Present Time
B. Imaginary Conditions: Present and Unspecified Time
C. Imaginary Conditions With ShouId or Were + Infinitive
TOPIC THREE Perfect Modal Auxiliaries
TOPlC FOUR lmaginary Conditions; Past and Present Time
A. Otherwise: Past Time
B. Imaginary Conditions: Past Time
C. Imaginary Conditions: Past and Present Time
focus on testing: use of subjunctive and conditional forms
TOPlC FIVE Factual Conditions:Present, Future, and Unspecified Time
A. Factual Conditions: Present or Unspecified time
B. Factual Conditions: Future Time
学习指导
CHAPTER eleven 第十一章
Medicine 医药
Participial Phrases and Related Structures 分词词组和相关结构
TOPlC ONE Adjective Clause to Phrase Reduction
A. Introduction to Participial Phrases
B. Reduction of Adjective CIauses with Verbs in the Active Voice
C. Reduction of Adjective Clauses with Simple-Tense Verbs in the Passive Voice
D. Reduction of Adjective Clauses with Continuous-Tense Verbs in the Passive Voice
E. Reduction of Adjective Clauses with Verbs in Perfect Tenses
F. Review of Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses
G. Placement of Nonrestrictive Participial Clauses
TOPlC TWO Verbs Followed by Participial Constructions; The Verbs Lay/Lie, Raise/Rise
A. Verbs with TWo-Part Objects
B. Verbs of Perception
C. By with Phrases of Means or Manner
D. Lay/Lie Raise/Rise
TOPlC THREE Adverb Clause to Phrase Reduction
A. Adverb Clause to Phrase Reduction
B. Elliptical Phrases
C. Dangling Phrases
TOPIC FOUR Causative and Structurally Related Verbs
focus on testing: use of participial phrases and related
structures
学习指导
CHAPTER twelve 第十二章
The Future 未来
Gerunds and Infinitives (2) 动名词和不定式(2)
TOPlC ONE Passive, Continuous, and Perfect Infinitives
A. Review of Active and Passive Forms of Simple Infinitives
B. Perfect and Continuous Forms of Active Infinitives
C. More Verbs Followed by Infinitive Objects
TOPIC TWO Passive and Perfect Gerunds
A. Review of Active and Passive Forms of Simple Gerunds
B. Perfect Forms of Gerunds
C. More Verbs Followed by Gerund Objects
focus on testing: use of gerunds and infivitives
TOPIC THREE Review
focus on testing: review of problem areas from
chapters nine to twelve
学习指导
Appendix 附录
Index 索引
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